Seroprevalence and Epidemiological studies of bovine viral diarrhea in cattle in New Valley Province, Egypt.

Abstract

: Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is one of the most imperative worldwide diseases in ruminants leading to substantial damage as well as extensive economic losses for the cattle industry. To our knowledge, there have been no reports about the disease’s situation in New Valley province, so the goal of this study was to estimate the level of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle herds through serodiagnosis and determining factors influencing the course of infection (current epidemiological situation) which will aid in establishment of control strategy. In this study a total of 1400 cattle of di ff erent ages, sexes and breeds (not previously vaccinated with BVD vaccines) were screened clinically for symptoms of BVD infection. 260 cattle out of totally 1400 screened cattle (18.6%) showing clinical signs arousing suspicion of BVD (49 cattle (18.8%) exhibit respiratory manifestation, 63 (24.2%) cattle su ff ered from diarrhea, 37 (14.2%) with mixed enteric and respiratory signs , 43 (16.5%) with retarded growth, oral lesion was detected in only 6 cattle (2.3%) , While the congenital anomalies were recorded in 18 (6.9%) , abortion occurred in 29 female cattle (11.1%) and only 15 cattle ( 5.8%) su ff ered from infertility trouble ) . Totally 260 clinically diseased cattle undergo Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) for detection of BVDV infection. The results revealed that 83 cattle out of 260 (31.9%) were detected as seropositive (positive for BVDV antibodies), showed clinical signs of BVD infection represented in 17 cattle showed respiratory manifestation (nasal discharge), 22 cattle su ff ered from diarrhea, 12 with mixed enteric and respiratory signs , 6 with retarded growth, oral lesion was detected in Only 2 cattle , While the congenital anomalies were recorded in 5 , abortion occurred in 15 female cattle and only 4 cattle su ff ered from Infertility trouble According to age, the seroprevalence of BVDV for antibodies was higher in in cattle aged ( > 6M to 2 year) (37.50%) and the lowest rate was (21.73%) in cattle aged (1day: 2month). Rendering to sex and breed, female cattle (37.80%) had a greater infection rate than male (21.87%) and infection was higher in Frisian bread (34.05%) than native bread (29.50%). Concerning to season, the highest prevalence of infection was (40.24%) in Winter and the lowest rate was (16.66%) in Autumn. Regarding to locality, the highest prevalence of infection was (45.45%) in EL-Farfara, and the lowest rate was (31%) in Balat. This prevalence of BVDV in cattle of new valley province, Egypt reveals the necessity of further studying BVDV infection in the area