Kajian Struktur Histologi Hati, Insang dan Lambung Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Danau Batur, Bangli

Abstract

Danau Batur saat ini sudah mulai tercemar akibat tingginya beban pencemaran yang masuk ke perairan disebabkan oleh aktivitas masyarakat di sekitar danau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kerusaka struktur histologi hati, insang, dan lambung, ikan nila serta mengetahui jenis logam berat yang terdapat di perairan Danau Batur. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 titik lokasi pengambilan sampel ikan nila. Sampel dibuat sayatan histologi organ dengan metode embedding dan analisis logam berat dengan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Hasil skoring pada insang luar, diperoleh kejadian patologi berturut-turut hiperplasia, edema lamela sekunder, dan fusi lamela paling berat 25% pada 4 lokasi, 18,7% pada lokasi 5, dan 25,00% pada lokasi 2. Pada insang dalam menunjukkan berturut-turut hiperplasia, edema lamela sekunder dan fusi lamela paling berat dengan frekuensi masing-masing 25,00% pada 4 lokasi, 25,00% pada lokasi 5, dan 25,00% pada lokasi 4. Lambung ditemukan kerusakan berupasel kariolisis, infiltrasi sel radang, dan desquamasi epitel. Histologi hati menunjukkan adanya kariolisis, karioreksis, dan degenerasi melemak. Konsentrasi logam berat di organ hati terdeteksi Fe dengan konsentrasi paling besar 3,96 ppm pada lokasi 2 dan Cu dengan konsentrasi paling besar 0,7 ppm pada lokasi 5. Ditemukannya kerusakan organ serta adanya logam berat, menandakan bahwa perairan Danau Batur mengalami pencemaran oleh aktivitas manusia di sekitar danau. Lake Batur is currently starting to be polluted due to the high pollution load enters into waters which caused of the people activities around the lake. This study aims to observe the histological structure damage of the liver, gills, and stomach, on the tilapia fishes, as well as to determine heavy metal types found in the Batur Lake water. This study was carried out 5 points of Batur Lake. The fish samples were prepared histological section by using the embedding method. Heavy metals were determined by using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The scoring on the external gills showed there were pathological occurrences of hyperplasia, secondary lamellae edema, and lamellae fusion with most severe frequency of 25% at 4 locations, 18.7% at location 5, and 20% at location 2 respectively. Internal gills showed hyperplasia, secondary lamellae edema and most severe lamella fusion with most severe frequency of 25% at 4 sites, 25% at location 5, 25% at location 4 respectively. The stomach damaged were karyolytic cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and epithelial desquamation. Liver histology showed karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and fatty degeneration. The heavy metals Fe and Cu were detected in the liver with Fe with the highest concentration of 3.96 ppm (Fe) at location 2 and 0.7 ppm (Cu) at location 5. The discovery of organ damages and the presence of heavy metals on the tilapia fish body indicated that Batur Lake water has been polluted by human activity around the lake.