Battery Storage Systems in Various Types of Non-Residential Buildings for Peak Shaving Application

Abstract

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are becoming increasingly attractive for German households together with photovoltaic (PV) systems to increase the PV selfconsumption and reduce electricity costs. For large and powerintensive consumers, for instance, in the industrial sector, peak shaving with BESS can be an attractive option to reduce the consumer’s network charges as well. This study focuses on the potential of BESS for peak shaving application in the nonresidential sector in Germany, considering four types of nonresidential buildings: office, fire station, hotel and sports center. Results provide an overview of profitable BESS sizes depending on specific installation costs and grid demand limit. Additionally, PV systems could help to reduce the necessary storage capacity for maintaining the maximum demand within the desired grid demand limit. Furthermore, peak shaving with BESS could enhance the grid support characteristics of the buildings, although the corresponding BESS sizes would not be economically feasible under current pricing conditions. However, the enhancement of the grid support characteristics could become an incentive, if consumers would get the opportunity to exploit wholesale market price signals. Keywords—battery energy storage system, lithium-ion battery, peak shaving, electric load profile, photovoltaic (PV) power systems, non-residential buildings, network charges, financial analysis, sensitivity analysis