. Invasive ductal breast carcinoma: morphological features of molecular subtypes

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer with over 2.2 million reported cases in 2020. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. In 2020, 685,000 women died from this disease. On March 8, 2021, on International Women’s Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a new Global Breast Cancer Initiative. Its goal is to reduce mortality from this cancer by 2.5 percent annually until 2040. This will help save the lives of 2.5 million women. The number of healthy life years lost by women with this diagnosis in the world exceeds that of any other type of cancer in women. Breast cancer occurs worldwide in women of all ages after puberty, but the disease increases with age. Most cases and deaths from breast cancer occur in low– and middle-income countries. There are significant differences in rates associated with breast cancer between high-income and low-income countries. The five-year life expectancy for breast cancer exceeds 90% in high-income countries, but is only 66% in India and 40% in South Africa 1 . According to the WHO, published in 2018, the number of deaths from breast cancer in Ukraine amounted to 8,983 people, or 1.49% of the total number of deaths. With an agespecific mortality rate of 20.93 per 100,000 population, Ukraine ranks 36th in the world. Early diagnosis and treatment of this pathology is an important not only medical, but also a social problem (Bulletin, 2020) 2 .