Electric Vehicles and Smart Grid Integration: Analysis of Battery Degradation Cost

Abstract

Batteries of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can be used in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems for controlled bidirectional power flow between the vehicles and the power grid. Some benefits of V2G include the use of PEVs to provide ancillary services to the grid. However, there are concerns about PEV use for these services, particularly about the degradation of vehicle batteries due to frequent charging and discharging. In this study, a model is used to calculate the total cost of battery degradation for a significant number of vehicles as a result of V2G. Battery degradation is considered to be caused by cycling aging because this type of aging occurs during the V2G process. Simulation is conducted to determine how the battery degradation cost changes based on competing objectives. This study demonstrates the importance of considering PEV battery health during V2G operation and shows how battery degradation can be affected by the different objectives of the aggregator and PEV owners.