Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854340
D. Poljak, A. Šušnjara, Lucija Kraljević
The paper deals with a theoretical background for the assessment of the absorbed power density $(S_{ab})$ in the planar multilayer model of the human tissue due to radiation of dipole antenna based on analytical/numerical approach. The reflecting/transmitting phenomena in multilayer tissue model are taken into account via the corresponding reflection/transmission coefficient stemming from Fresnel plane wave approximation. Radiation of dipole antenna above a multilayer is analysed by solving the Pocklington integro-differential equation and related integral expressions for the radiated electric and magnetic fields. An outline of applied numerical procedure is given, as well.
{"title":"Absorbed Power Density in a Multilayer Tissue Model due to Radiation of Dipole Antenna at GHz Frequency Range: Part I Theoretical Background","authors":"D. Poljak, A. Šušnjara, Lucija Kraljević","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854340","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with a theoretical background for the assessment of the absorbed power density $(S_{ab})$ in the planar multilayer model of the human tissue due to radiation of dipole antenna based on analytical/numerical approach. The reflecting/transmitting phenomena in multilayer tissue model are taken into account via the corresponding reflection/transmission coefficient stemming from Fresnel plane wave approximation. Radiation of dipole antenna above a multilayer is analysed by solving the Pocklington integro-differential equation and related integral expressions for the radiated electric and magnetic fields. An outline of applied numerical procedure is given, as well.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115142489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854295
F. Ascione, F. de Rossi, T. Iovane, R. Picone, M. Mastellone, G. M. Mauro
Preserving the historical and artistic heritage is a topic of central interest, especially in countries that have particularly old heritage such as Italy. This study concerns the monitoring of environmental conditions of an ancient church in the center of Naples, a beautiful example of Italian Gothics, which, besides the absolute value of the architecture, even preserves works of art of special significance. The measurement campaign, performed during two typical winter weeks, was necessary to calibrate a dynamic energy model of the church. Then, a radiant floor was designed, to provide a space heating service for the Choir, used for conferences and events, so that the improvement of microclimatic conditions, in winter, can contribute to preserving artifacts (e.g., too cold conditions can induce cracks of wooden materials) and improve occupants' thermal comfort, without compromising the historical/artistic value of the church. The monitoring revealed that the indoor microclimatic conditions do not satisfy the ideal ranges for the conservation of the artistic heritage, and that the indoor environment is uncomfortable for the occupants. The positive effects of the new heating systems were also evaluated, by means of simulations performed starting from the calibrated energy model.
{"title":"Improving indoor conditions in an Italian historical Church: the case study of Donnaregina Vecchia","authors":"F. Ascione, F. de Rossi, T. Iovane, R. Picone, M. Mastellone, G. M. Mauro","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854295","url":null,"abstract":"Preserving the historical and artistic heritage is a topic of central interest, especially in countries that have particularly old heritage such as Italy. This study concerns the monitoring of environmental conditions of an ancient church in the center of Naples, a beautiful example of Italian Gothics, which, besides the absolute value of the architecture, even preserves works of art of special significance. The measurement campaign, performed during two typical winter weeks, was necessary to calibrate a dynamic energy model of the church. Then, a radiant floor was designed, to provide a space heating service for the Choir, used for conferences and events, so that the improvement of microclimatic conditions, in winter, can contribute to preserving artifacts (e.g., too cold conditions can induce cracks of wooden materials) and improve occupants' thermal comfort, without compromising the historical/artistic value of the church. The monitoring revealed that the indoor microclimatic conditions do not satisfy the ideal ranges for the conservation of the artistic heritage, and that the indoor environment is uncomfortable for the occupants. The positive effects of the new heating systems were also evaluated, by means of simulations performed starting from the calibrated energy model.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"357 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120929545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854290
C. Lamacchia, M. Gallo, P. Bia, D. Caggiano, L. Mescia
In this paper, we discuss the design and optimization of a four arms non-conventional planar sinuous antenna in a cavity backed configuration. The design of the whole antenna system was carried out with the aim to provide unidirectional radiation pattern and to optimize the antenna performance for ultrawideband (UWB) IoT applications. The antenna arms shape was modified to improve the antenna performance in terms of efficiency, radiation pattern and to gain flatness in a wide frequency range. To mitigate the deleterious effects due to the resonances, a special cavity shape and a dispersive broadband absorber with a radial-dependent thickness were designed. Moreover, different miniaturization techniques were implemented to reduce the antenna size. The designed low-profile antenna can operate in the frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 18 GHz exhibiting a maximum gain of about 5 dB as well as it has an effective antenna diameter of 6 cm.
{"title":"Cavity backed sinuous antenna for IoT applications","authors":"C. Lamacchia, M. Gallo, P. Bia, D. Caggiano, L. Mescia","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854290","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss the design and optimization of a four arms non-conventional planar sinuous antenna in a cavity backed configuration. The design of the whole antenna system was carried out with the aim to provide unidirectional radiation pattern and to optimize the antenna performance for ultrawideband (UWB) IoT applications. The antenna arms shape was modified to improve the antenna performance in terms of efficiency, radiation pattern and to gain flatness in a wide frequency range. To mitigate the deleterious effects due to the resonances, a special cavity shape and a dispersive broadband absorber with a radial-dependent thickness were designed. Moreover, different miniaturization techniques were implemented to reduce the antenna size. The designed low-profile antenna can operate in the frequency range from 1.5 GHz to 18 GHz exhibiting a maximum gain of about 5 dB as well as it has an effective antenna diameter of 6 cm.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124858195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854221
A. V. Radogna, C. De Pascali, P. Siciliano, L. Francioso
The presented work has been developed inside the PON project SIROBOTICS (SocIal ROBOTics for active and healthy ageing), CUP: B76C1800054000, founded by Apulia Region, Italy.
{"title":"An Internet-of-Things-ready Embedded Device Based on Micromachined Micro-gap Sensors for Remote Air Quality Monitoring","authors":"A. V. Radogna, C. De Pascali, P. Siciliano, L. Francioso","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854221","url":null,"abstract":"The presented work has been developed inside the PON project SIROBOTICS (SocIal ROBOTics for active and healthy ageing), CUP: B76C1800054000, founded by Apulia Region, Italy.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854334
Filip Ricov, K. Pripužić
Geospatial Big Data refers to spatial datasets exceeding the capacity of current computing systems. These datasets usually contain millions of vector geometries (such as points, polygons and linestrings) that are used to represent the spatial component of geographic features. Each geometry consists of one or more interconnected vertices, where each vertex describes a geographic location. Due to its large volume or high frequency of generation, Geospatial Big Data must be stored and processed in a distributed manner, usually using an open-source Big Data platform such as Apache Spark. This often requires serialization and deserialization of geometries when sending and receiving them among distributed computers. Therefore, the performance of serialization and deserialization has a significant impact on the overall processing performance of Geospatial Big Data. In this paper, we first briefly present seven popular Java serialization frameworks that can work with geometries and then experimentally evaluate and compare their serialization and deserialization performance on Geospatial Big Data.
{"title":"Perfomance Evaluation of Java Serialization Frameworks on Geospatial Big Data","authors":"Filip Ricov, K. Pripužić","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854334","url":null,"abstract":"Geospatial Big Data refers to spatial datasets exceeding the capacity of current computing systems. These datasets usually contain millions of vector geometries (such as points, polygons and linestrings) that are used to represent the spatial component of geographic features. Each geometry consists of one or more interconnected vertices, where each vertex describes a geographic location. Due to its large volume or high frequency of generation, Geospatial Big Data must be stored and processed in a distributed manner, usually using an open-source Big Data platform such as Apache Spark. This often requires serialization and deserialization of geometries when sending and receiving them among distributed computers. Therefore, the performance of serialization and deserialization has a significant impact on the overall processing performance of Geospatial Big Data. In this paper, we first briefly present seven popular Java serialization frameworks that can work with geometries and then experimentally evaluate and compare their serialization and deserialization performance on Geospatial Big Data.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116034823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854250
M. Straka, Martin Jancura, N. Refa, L. Buzna
Electric vehicles are promising to mitigate the in-creasing CO2 emissions from transport, provided that renew-able energy sources generate the demanded electricity. The stochasticity of renewable energy sources and charging demand require intelligent charging schemes. Smart charging achieves better performance when it is driven by reasonably accurate predictions of charging behaviour. Hence, for a smart charging scheme that dynamically updates a charging schedule, updating the predictions of charging behaviour could be beneficial. In this paper, we explore the potential to improve the accuracy of prediction models of the connection duration to a charging station by updating the predictions as the charging sessions unfold. We compare a single-model with multiple-models for regularly and irregularly spaced updates in time. The multiple-model with irregular updates achieves the best performance while improving the prediction accuracy up to 30 %, compared to conventional approaches. It is efficient to update the predictions with higher frequency in the very early stages of charging sessions. Later on, regular updates are sufficient.
{"title":"Asynchronously updated predictions of electric vehicles' connection duration to a charging station","authors":"M. Straka, Martin Jancura, N. Refa, L. Buzna","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854250","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles are promising to mitigate the in-creasing CO2 emissions from transport, provided that renew-able energy sources generate the demanded electricity. The stochasticity of renewable energy sources and charging demand require intelligent charging schemes. Smart charging achieves better performance when it is driven by reasonably accurate predictions of charging behaviour. Hence, for a smart charging scheme that dynamically updates a charging schedule, updating the predictions of charging behaviour could be beneficial. In this paper, we explore the potential to improve the accuracy of prediction models of the connection duration to a charging station by updating the predictions as the charging sessions unfold. We compare a single-model with multiple-models for regularly and irregularly spaced updates in time. The multiple-model with irregular updates achieves the best performance while improving the prediction accuracy up to 30 %, compared to conventional approaches. It is efficient to update the predictions with higher frequency in the very early stages of charging sessions. Later on, regular updates are sufficient.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122700874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854293
David Redding, J. Ang, S. Bhunia
After the United States Capitol Hill Riots, there was a massive API scraping of Parler, an open social media platform, which resulted in 70 terabytes of user data being collected. The data breach, a serious confidential personal data leak, was not performed illegally. This paper analyzes the data breach and its impact in depth. The breach was a result of a hacktivist going with the alias @donk_enby, performing a massive API scraping of Parler's servers. The scraping took metadata from user's public, private, and previously deleted posts, uploaded to Parler's servers. Parler had failed to clear the metadata of these posts. The metadata contained names, dates, locations, and other data about the users who posted content to Parler's site. Over 70,000 GPS locations of Parler's users have been uncovered including users' private properties. These locations have also been used to tie citizens to the Capitol Riots if they uploaded any content about the riot from that day. Forms containing government identification of users were also leaked from Parler's servers that were used for account verification. This paper demonstrate background on the events leading up to, including, and following the Capitol Riots. The paper also examine the hacktivist's methodology for performing the API scraping and discuss possible defensive strategies such as API rate limiting, API request sanitation, and API call authorization.
{"title":"A Case Study of Massive API Scrapping: Parler Data Breach After the Capitol Riot","authors":"David Redding, J. Ang, S. Bhunia","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854293","url":null,"abstract":"After the United States Capitol Hill Riots, there was a massive API scraping of Parler, an open social media platform, which resulted in 70 terabytes of user data being collected. The data breach, a serious confidential personal data leak, was not performed illegally. This paper analyzes the data breach and its impact in depth. The breach was a result of a hacktivist going with the alias @donk_enby, performing a massive API scraping of Parler's servers. The scraping took metadata from user's public, private, and previously deleted posts, uploaded to Parler's servers. Parler had failed to clear the metadata of these posts. The metadata contained names, dates, locations, and other data about the users who posted content to Parler's site. Over 70,000 GPS locations of Parler's users have been uncovered including users' private properties. These locations have also been used to tie citizens to the Capitol Riots if they uploaded any content about the riot from that day. Forms containing government identification of users were also leaked from Parler's servers that were used for account verification. This paper demonstrate background on the events leading up to, including, and following the Capitol Riots. The paper also examine the hacktivist's methodology for performing the API scraping and discuss possible defensive strategies such as API rate limiting, API request sanitation, and API call authorization.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122633843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854370
Yunxiang Fu, Xiong Xiong, Zheng Liu, Xuhang Chen, Yi Liu, Z. Fu
The indoor localization system is widely used in many scenarios. Here, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been approved to be an effective solution. Many RFID-based localization systems either require high accuracy systems to estimate trajectory such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based methods or are highly depend on the density of reference tags. The current study demonstrates the first application of Graph Neural Network (GNN) for 2D indoor localization using RFID technology. A graph regression approach was used to predict tag coordinates where comparisons were made between three popular GNN models, demonstrating the feasibility of GNNs. The best model achieved a mean absolute error of 5.74cm.
{"title":"A GNN-based indoor localization method using mobile RFID platform","authors":"Yunxiang Fu, Xiong Xiong, Zheng Liu, Xuhang Chen, Yi Liu, Z. Fu","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854370","url":null,"abstract":"The indoor localization system is widely used in many scenarios. Here, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been approved to be an effective solution. Many RFID-based localization systems either require high accuracy systems to estimate trajectory such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based methods or are highly depend on the density of reference tags. The current study demonstrates the first application of Graph Neural Network (GNN) for 2D indoor localization using RFID technology. A graph regression approach was used to predict tag coordinates where comparisons were made between three popular GNN models, demonstrating the feasibility of GNNs. The best model achieved a mean absolute error of 5.74cm.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122897387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854226
Francesco Lestini, N. Panunzio, G. Marrocco, C. Occhiuzzi
Hyperthermia is a widely used anti-cancer treatment that exploits the interactions between high-power electromagnetic fields and the human tissues to locally release a great amount of power in the underlying tissue regions. The electromagnetic source is generally outside the body, in close proximity to the skin. Thus, dangerous hotspots may occur within the skin, and hence continuous monitoring of the superficial temperature distribution is required throughout the treatment. Current Thermal Monitoring Sheets (TMSs), that are grids of many temperature sensors, have some limitations in terms of poor spatial resolution and high thermal conduction errors. Passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) devices could offer an attractive alternative thanks to their wireless nature, low-invasiveness, and demonstrated good on-skin performance, especially for temperature monitoring. The preliminary design of an RFID-based Thermal Monitoring Sheet (R-TMS) is presented in this paper as a planar array of circular loop antennas with temperature-sensing-oriented RFID ICs. Both sensing and electromagnetic requirements of the R-TMS are addressed by means of numerical simulations. It proved capable of transmitting the collected temperature data with a remarkable spatial resolution, yet without interfering with the effectiveness of the hyperthermia treatment nor inducing unwanted hotspots over the skin.
{"title":"RFID Thermal Monitoring Sheet (R-TMS) for Skin Temperature Measurements during Superficial Microwave Hyperthermia Treatment","authors":"Francesco Lestini, N. Panunzio, G. Marrocco, C. Occhiuzzi","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854226","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthermia is a widely used anti-cancer treatment that exploits the interactions between high-power electromagnetic fields and the human tissues to locally release a great amount of power in the underlying tissue regions. The electromagnetic source is generally outside the body, in close proximity to the skin. Thus, dangerous hotspots may occur within the skin, and hence continuous monitoring of the superficial temperature distribution is required throughout the treatment. Current Thermal Monitoring Sheets (TMSs), that are grids of many temperature sensors, have some limitations in terms of poor spatial resolution and high thermal conduction errors. Passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) devices could offer an attractive alternative thanks to their wireless nature, low-invasiveness, and demonstrated good on-skin performance, especially for temperature monitoring. The preliminary design of an RFID-based Thermal Monitoring Sheet (R-TMS) is presented in this paper as a planar array of circular loop antennas with temperature-sensing-oriented RFID ICs. Both sensing and electromagnetic requirements of the R-TMS are addressed by means of numerical simulations. It proved capable of transmitting the collected temperature data with a remarkable spatial resolution, yet without interfering with the effectiveness of the hyperthermia treatment nor inducing unwanted hotspots over the skin.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114186357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854324
Miro Bugarin, S. Nižetić, Mario Bugarin, Boren Bralic, Magdalena Omazic
Energy evaluation of glass facades by using CFD simulation software is becoming a popular research technique due to the possibility for better approximation of thermal characteristics. Therefore, ability to describe dynamic change of environmental conditions, in spite of constant values used in today standards, can been seen as a step forward in energy efficiency evaluation. In addition to that, specific details, which are not defined by standards, can be researched. For example, airflow through double - skin facades that directly affects heat transfer coefficient, as well as noise isolation parameters according to which curtain wall systems need to be designed. Furthermore, considering the influence of the glass facade on the room, of the observed building, the parameters of thermal comfort, as well as shading effects of glass facade elements with regard to the type of glazing, can be examined. Current methodologies for calculation of thermal properties of glass facades systems are described in this paper. Standards as European (EN ISO 12631:2017) and North American (NFRC 100–2020) describe analysis prescriptions for defining curtain wall thermal properties. These standards mostly use 2D simplification to determine thermal properties with constant boundary conditions and in some cases 3D. Effect of seasonal change of thermal properties as well as change of conditions throughout the day are not described in these standards. CFD tools complement approximations of these standards and allow better design of facade systems, which affects the reduction of annual heat energy demand for the building and improves the energy efficiency. It generally reduces the total energy required which is one of the fundamental assumptions for sustainable development and nZEB designing principles.
利用CFD模拟软件对玻璃外立面进行能量评估是一种流行的研究技术，因为它可以更好地逼近热特性。因此，尽管在今天的标准中使用恒定的值，但描述环境条件动态变化的能力可以被视为能效评估的一步。除此之外，还可以研究一些没有标准定义的具体细节。例如，通过双层幕墙的气流直接影响传热系数，以及幕墙系统需要设计的噪声隔离参数。此外，考虑到玻璃立面对被观察建筑房间的影响，可以检查热舒适参数，以及玻璃立面元素与玻璃类型的遮阳效果。目前的方法计算的热性能的玻璃外墙系统进行了描述。欧洲标准(EN ISO 12631:2017)和北美标准(NFRC 100-2020)描述了定义幕墙热性能的分析处方。这些标准大多使用2D简化来确定恒定边界条件下的热性能，在某些情况下使用3D。在这些标准中没有描述热性能的季节变化以及全天条件变化的影响。CFD工具补充了这些标准的近似值，并允许更好地设计立面系统，从而影响减少建筑物的年度热能需求并提高能源效率。它通常会减少所需的总能量，这是可持续发展和nZEB设计原则的基本假设之一。
{"title":"Innovative approaches in energy efficiency evaluation of glazed facades in nZEB buildings","authors":"Miro Bugarin, S. Nižetić, Mario Bugarin, Boren Bralic, Magdalena Omazic","doi":"10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854324","url":null,"abstract":"Energy evaluation of glass facades by using CFD simulation software is becoming a popular research technique due to the possibility for better approximation of thermal characteristics. Therefore, ability to describe dynamic change of environmental conditions, in spite of constant values used in today standards, can been seen as a step forward in energy efficiency evaluation. In addition to that, specific details, which are not defined by standards, can be researched. For example, airflow through double - skin facades that directly affects heat transfer coefficient, as well as noise isolation parameters according to which curtain wall systems need to be designed. Furthermore, considering the influence of the glass facade on the room, of the observed building, the parameters of thermal comfort, as well as shading effects of glass facade elements with regard to the type of glazing, can be examined. Current methodologies for calculation of thermal properties of glass facades systems are described in this paper. Standards as European (EN ISO 12631:2017) and North American (NFRC 100–2020) describe analysis prescriptions for defining curtain wall thermal properties. These standards mostly use 2D simplification to determine thermal properties with constant boundary conditions and in some cases 3D. Effect of seasonal change of thermal properties as well as change of conditions throughout the day are not described in these standards. CFD tools complement approximations of these standards and allow better design of facade systems, which affects the reduction of annual heat energy demand for the building and improves the energy efficiency. It generally reduces the total energy required which is one of the fundamental assumptions for sustainable development and nZEB designing principles.","PeriodicalId":295373,"journal":{"name":"2022 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122035242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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