Research on Citizenization of the New Generation of Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Employment Policy Based on Grounded theory and DEA model

Abstract

Due to the continuous deepening impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the exacerbation of the "triple overlapping" situation in China, there has been a significant increase in employment pressure and dynamic changes in a considerable number of migrant workers. This has brought about new situations and problems for the economic and social development of urban and rural areas. The urbanization of rural migrant workers is a systematic project involving multiple sectors and departments such as development and reform, finance, education, housing, human resources, and culture. It requires systematic research and coordinated promotion.This study provides a basic overview of the employment policies for the new generation of migrant workers in China in "three stages" and analyzes the main challenges and reasons faced by these workers in terms of employment policies. By summarizing and organizing the employment policies released at the national level in China since 2008, using the grounded theory and data envelopment analysis model, input and output indicators for employment policies and the urbanization of the new generation of migrant workers are deduced and summarized. The data envelopment analysis model is used as an evaluation tool for the efficiency of employment policies in promoting the urbanization of migrant workers. The results show that the employment policies currently implemented in China have played an important role in improving the urbanization of migrant workers, and the degree of urbanization is increasing year by year. The direction of policy formulation and implementation is completely correct, so policy investment should be further increased along the current direction, and policy items should be refined and enriched to further promote the speed and quality of the urbanization of migrant workers.Specifically, the years 2009, 2010, and 2011 were the main periods of analysis. Considering the historical background and employment policies at that time, the economic growth was slow during the post-financial crisis era, and the overall economic environment was depressed. Although the government proposed proactive employment policies in 2008, the actual implementation of these policies lacked clear instructions on how to guarantee the welfare, safety, and other protections for migrant workers in non-standard employment regulated by the market. Therefore, the employment policies in this stage were still in the exploration phase. The overall efficiency showed improvement in 2010 and 2011, mainly driven by market conditions, but the interaction between policy resource input and market factors was relatively weak. Analyzing the efficiency input and output adjustments of employment policies in years where data envelopment analysis was ineffective, it was found that the number of employed and income levels of the new generation of migrant workers reached an optimal state in 2011, aligning with the level of socio-economic development at that time. The main issue of insufficient output was the inadequate investment in the education level of children of migrant workers who migrated to cities. Due to the previous dual household registration system, these children could only study in migrant worker schools at their place of work, where there was a relative lack of teaching staff, and they did not receive the treatment they deserved, which may lead to early dropout.