Grid-Connected Wind Power Plants: A Survey on the Integration Requirements in Modern Grid Codes

Abstract

In recent years, the integration of wind power generation, especially for offshore wind power, has increased rapidly. Therefore, the requirements of grid codes on wind power integration becomes a major factor in the power system reliability. This paper compares and summarizes the grid codes and the corresponding works about wind power integration around the world. The grid codes issued by Denmark, Ireland, UK, Germany, Spain, China, US, Canada, and other representative countries have been studied. The main requirements of the grid codes include reactive power, frequency regulation, fault ride through, and power quality. Additionally, several grid codes also address the requirements on communication, ramp rate, and offshore wind power plants (WPP). Finally, this paper provides the information about the future trend of grid code requirements on offshore wind power integration, which helps the grid operators ensure a safe operation for high wind-power penetration.