Doppler only localization in GSM-based passive radar

Abstract

The localization in a classical multistatic passive radar is based on finding bistatic ellipsoid crossing with at least three pairs of transmitter-receiver. The localization accuracy is dependent on the geometry and bandwidth of the illumination signal. For narrow band signals like GSM cellular phone transmission the bistatic range resolution is very poor, in a range of several kilometers. The paper presents an alternative solution - exploitation of Doppler information and localization based on Doppler-only measurements. Because there were 4 unknowns (in 2-D localization: two spatial and to velocity components) or 6 unknowns (in 3D localization) it is necessary to have at least 4 or 6 bistatic measurements to localized the target. The paper presents the theory of Doppler-only target localization in GSM passive radar, related simulation results and accuracy considerations.