Quality of Education and Supervisory Practices in Pakistani Schools

Abstract

The major research questions of the study were to explore the nature of supervisory practices at Primary and Secondary educational institutions of Pakistan and their impacts on the quality of education. The population of the study was the teachers, heads of institutions and district level supervisors.  Multistage random sampling technique was applied to select the participants of the study.  .It is a descriptive study and the variables were studied in natural condition. The   method of qualitative research was applied to collect the data of the study. The researcher constructed semi structured interview for teachers and district level supervisors that was validated by the experts. The main conclusions of the study are that the supervisors follow inspectoral mode to find out the faults of teachers to threaten and humiliate them. They do not facilitate and help them in solving the problems that they may face in the classroom. They do not observe the teaching learning process in the classroom and guide the teachers to apply innovative approaches and techniques to improve their teaching. To them, supervision is fault finding approach instead of sharing, guiding, helping and facilitating the teachers. Questioning and innovative approaches on the part of teachers are taken as violation of discipline. There is an urgent need to shift from inspectoral to clinical model of supervision to improve the teaching learning process and consequently the quality of education.