What's New in Molecular Targeted Therapies for Thyroid Cancer?

Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI:10.21593/kjhno/2021.37.2.1

Seonwoo Min, Hyunseok Kang

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Abstract

Thyroid cancer refers to various cancers arising from thyroid gland. Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) include papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinomas and represent cancers retain normal thyroid functions such as iodine uptake. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is generally used for upfront treatment of metastatic DTCs, but RAI refractory DTCs remain to be clinical challenges. Sorafenib and lenvatinib were approved for the treatment of RAI refractory DTCs and more recently, genomics-based targeted therapies have been developed for NTRK and RET gene fusion-positive DTCs. Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) are extremely challenging diseases with aggressive courses. BRAF/MEK inhibition has been proven to be highly effective in BRAF V600E mutation-positive ATCs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising activities. Medullary thyroid cancers, which arise from parafollicular cells of thyroid, represent a unique subset of thyroid cancer and mainly driven by RET mutation. In addition to vandetanib and cabozantinib, highly specific RET inhibitors such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib have demonstrated impressive activity and are in clinical use.

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甲状腺癌分子靶向治疗的新进展?

甲状腺癌是指由甲状腺引起的各种癌症。分化型甲状腺癌(dtc)包括乳头状、滤泡和Hurthle细胞癌，代表了保留正常甲状腺功能(如碘摄取)的癌症。放射性碘(RAI)通常用于转移性dtc的前期治疗，但RAI难治性dtc仍然是临床挑战。Sorafenib和lenvatinib被批准用于治疗RAI难治性dtc，最近，基于基因组学的靶向治疗已经开发用于NTRK和RET基因融合阳性的dtc。低分化和间变性甲状腺癌(ATCs)是极具挑战性的疾病，具有侵袭性病程。BRAF/MEK抑制已被证明在BRAF V600E突变阳性的ATCs中非常有效，免疫检查点抑制剂已显示出有希望的活性。甲状腺髓样癌起源于甲状腺滤泡旁细胞，是甲状腺癌的一个独特亚型，主要由RET突变驱动。除vandetanib和cabozantinib外，高度特异性的RET抑制剂如selpercatinib和pralsetinib已显示出令人印象深刻的活性并已在临床使用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology

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