Monitoring of radioactive pollution of the site and elimination of the consequences of natural and technogenic disasters

Abstract

The article proposes an urgent task to increase the level of environmental safety of radioactively contaminated areas. The main tasks are to develop new methods of environmental monitoring; study of migration processes of radioactive elements in the soil cover in order to develop predictive models for timely identification of areas at risk of contamination; establishing the relationships between the state of soil contamination by radionuclides and their genesis and identifying patterns of pollutant distribution in the study environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the requirements of advanced automated systems for monitoring the radiation situation and ACS to reduce the processing time of data on radioactive contamination of the area and increase the reliability of the results of radiation detection. The aim of the work is to separate the tasks that are allocated in the development of a unified system of methods and algorithms for processing information about radioactive contamination in automated radiation monitoring systems, dangerous in terms of radiation. The paper formulates the problem of eliminating the consequences of natural and man-made disasters in Ukraine. The analysis of problems of management of technogenic safety where the emergency situation is fixed is carried out. A formal description of the studied system and its environment is obtained, based on the principles of the systems approach. The classification of sources of emergencies based on the causes, different types of objects of damage depending on the nature of behavior in extreme conditions, different types of protection resources that implement the necessary protective measures. The direct and inverse problems of finding the optimal plan are considered. The selection of objects for a direct task is carried out in order according to their priority. When solving the inverse problem, the selection of objects is carried out until the specified level of system effect, which accumulates in the selection process. Information on sources of radioactive contamination and meteorological information are used in forecasting.