Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.5-20
O. Oliynyk, Sergiy V. Telyma, Y. Kalugin, Yevheniy O. Oliynyk
A mathematical model of biological purification of wastewater from organic pollutants in the conditions of an aeration tank with a fixed biocenosis (biofilm of microorganisms) is presented. At the same time the peculiarities of the formation and modeling of a complex heterogeneous stratified structure of a biofilm with variable processes and parameters along its thickness are considered and taken into account on in particular the processes of mass transfer and concentration of microorganisms. It shown that the treatment processes in heterogeneous stratified biofilm are designated by the effective diffusion coefficient which is depended on the pollutions concentration. Owing to that the pollutions concentration is changing of along the biofilm thickness and increase from the surface to the biofilm bottom the decreasing of the effective diffusion coefficient is observed. On the base of the provided experimental investigations the change of the effective diffusion parameter along the biofilm thickness may be specified according to linear law. The quantity criteria of the first and zero order kinetic and Monod equation were used in the practical calculations. Ascertain that the substrate removal have a place on the early part of the biofilm which amounts to 20–25% from the its full thickness. On the base of the created biofilm model of the heterogeneous-stratified structure the comparative analysis and valuation of the different investigations of the pollutions removal during the treatment processes at using of the homogeneous and heterogeneous structure of the biofilm were treated. It was designated that the pollutions removal effectiveness depends on the biofilm features. So at the some main parameters the homogeneous and stratified biofilms indicate almost the same microbial activity and the difference depends on the effective diffusion coefficient on the biofilm output. In the dependence on the hydrodynamic conditions of the treatment processes the homogeneous biofilm activity may be lower, higher or similar one of the stratified biofilm. Heterogeneous biofilm has the lower activity near the biofilm bottom at the high values of the effectiveness coefficient than the homogeneous one at the average values of this coefficient and the substrate against of the which the microorganisms growth is depended on to penetrate more in depth in stratified biofilm than in homogeneous one.
{"title":"An analysis of the influence of the biofilm heterogeneity on the effectiveness of organic pollution removal in bioreactors","authors":"O. Oliynyk, Sergiy V. Telyma, Y. Kalugin, Yevheniy O. Oliynyk","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.5-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.5-20","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model of biological purification of wastewater from organic pollutants in the conditions of an aeration tank with a fixed biocenosis (biofilm of microorganisms) is presented. At the same time the peculiarities of the formation and modeling of a complex heterogeneous stratified structure of a biofilm with variable processes and parameters along its thickness are considered and taken into account on in particular the processes of mass transfer and concentration of microorganisms. It shown that the treatment processes in heterogeneous stratified biofilm are designated by the effective diffusion coefficient which is depended on the pollutions concentration. Owing to that the pollutions concentration is changing of along the biofilm thickness and increase from the surface to the biofilm bottom the decreasing of the effective diffusion coefficient is observed. On the base of the provided experimental investigations the change of the effective diffusion parameter along the biofilm thickness may be specified according to linear law. The quantity criteria of the first and zero order kinetic and Monod equation were used in the practical calculations. Ascertain that the substrate removal have a place on the early part of the biofilm which amounts to 20–25% from the its full thickness. On the base of the created biofilm model of the heterogeneous-stratified structure the comparative analysis and valuation of the different investigations of the pollutions removal during the treatment processes at using of the homogeneous and heterogeneous structure of the biofilm were treated. It was designated that the pollutions removal effectiveness depends on the biofilm features. So at the some main parameters the homogeneous and stratified biofilms indicate almost the same microbial activity and the difference depends on the effective diffusion coefficient on the biofilm output. In the dependence on the hydrodynamic conditions of the treatment processes the homogeneous biofilm activity may be lower, higher or similar one of the stratified biofilm. Heterogeneous biofilm has the lower activity near the biofilm bottom at the high values of the effectiveness coefficient than the homogeneous one at the average values of this coefficient and the substrate against of the which the microorganisms growth is depended on to penetrate more in depth in stratified biofilm than in homogeneous one.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.59-74
O. Deryugin, Tetiana O. Nehrii, O. Borovytskyi, O. Stolbchenko, M. Arkhirei
The purpose of the work is to assess the professional risk index of a forest feller, taking into account: ergonomic, psychosocial and hygienic factors and individual parameters, with the development of practical recommendations for reducing diseases of the musculoskeletal system, taking into account the adaptive capabilities of a person.To estimate the occupational risk index, methods were used to determine the danger from the working posture, the influence of psychosocial factors, and individual indicators. The assessment of the index of occupational risk of injury/disease of the musculoskeletal system was determined on a scale from 0 to 1. To determine the adaptation capabilities of forest loggers to resist physical exertion, we used the method proposed by R.M. Baevsky.A procedure has been developed for the assessment of the occupational risk index during the performance of various logging operations of a forest logger based on the assessment of ergonomic posture, the influence of psychosocial, hygienic factors, and individual parameters. It was determined that the work related to the technological process of harvesting wood and cleaning trees from branches and knots has the highest degree of risk. It is shown that the greatest influence on the value of the occupational risk index is caused by an uncomfortable ergonomic posture and a psychosocial factor, while when whipping whips and their loading – psychosocial and hygienic factors. It has been established that the greatest influence on the adaptive capabilities of a forest feller has an uncomfortable working posture and a psychosocial factor.The relationship between adaptation possibilities and the discomfort of the working posture, psychosocial and hygienic factors has been established.It is shown that for the felling of trees and sawed off branches, it is necessary to provide workers with high adaptability, while it is desirable to involve workers with low adaptability in the trawling of whips and their load.
{"title":"Evaluation of the occupational risk index of the forest faller","authors":"O. Deryugin, Tetiana O. Nehrii, O. Borovytskyi, O. Stolbchenko, M. Arkhirei","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.59-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.59-74","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to assess the professional risk index of a forest feller, taking into account: ergonomic, psychosocial and hygienic factors and individual parameters, with the development of practical recommendations for reducing diseases of the musculoskeletal system, taking into account the adaptive capabilities of a person.To estimate the occupational risk index, methods were used to determine the danger from the working posture, the influence of psychosocial factors, and individual indicators. The assessment of the index of occupational risk of injury/disease of the musculoskeletal system was determined on a scale from 0 to 1. To determine the adaptation capabilities of forest loggers to resist physical exertion, we used the method proposed by R.M. Baevsky.A procedure has been developed for the assessment of the occupational risk index during the performance of various logging operations of a forest logger based on the assessment of ergonomic posture, the influence of psychosocial, hygienic factors, and individual parameters. It was determined that the work related to the technological process of harvesting wood and cleaning trees from branches and knots has the highest degree of risk. It is shown that the greatest influence on the value of the occupational risk index is caused by an uncomfortable ergonomic posture and a psychosocial factor, while when whipping whips and their loading – psychosocial and hygienic factors. It has been established that the greatest influence on the adaptive capabilities of a forest feller has an uncomfortable working posture and a psychosocial factor.The relationship between adaptation possibilities and the discomfort of the working posture, psychosocial and hygienic factors has been established.It is shown that for the felling of trees and sawed off branches, it is necessary to provide workers with high adaptability, while it is desirable to involve workers with low adaptability in the trawling of whips and their load.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.29-38
Volodymyr M. Vashchenko, Iryna B. Korduba
Among the specified types of terrorist threats, the most dangerous today is the nuclear threat, which has moved from the realm of the probable to a real military-terrorist attack on the Zaporizhzhia NPP and its capture by the occupiers. Therefore, the issue of determining the level of nuclear and environmental safety of Ukraine's nuclear power plants in extreme war conditions, using the example of the situation that developed at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP), the largest in Europe, is extremely urgent, precisely because of the station's location in the war zone.During the period of the full-scale war, there have already been dozens of warheads hitting the objects of the critical infrastructure of the ZNPP, the external and emergency power supply of the ZNPP (transformer equipment, power supply systems to consumers, the premises of diesel generators, the industrial site of the station, and others). There have been corresponding emergency shutdowns of the power units of the ZNPP due to the blackout of the station and due to the forced disconnection of consumers as a result of the destruction of various objects in the power grid systems. These events cause great alarm and concern of the world public regarding the possibility of new global nuclear-ecological disasters due to nuclear-radiation accidents at the ZNPP. Many years of global experience in the operation of nuclear power reactor facilities (NPRF) and their safety regulation, as well as lessons from the largest nuclear and radiation accidents at NPPs, have revealed the insufficient validity of traditional probability indicators and safety criteria for NPPs, including the Zaporizhzhya plant. Probabilistic approaches to assessing the objective level of safety of the Zaporizhzhya NPP in extreme conditions of war are insufficiently substantiated, taking into account, among other things, the need to predict the possibility of the occurrence of unlikely emergency events and their combinations, which will have catastrophic consequences.Therefore, conducting an objective assessment of the level of nuclear and radiation safety at the ZNPP due to the station's location in the war zone, as well as substantiating practical recommendations for preventing nuclear and environmental disasters at the NPPs of Ukraine, is an extremely urgent issue for the entire nuclear energy industry of Ukraine.
在特定类型的恐怖威胁中，当今最危险的是核威胁，它已从可能发生的情况转变为对扎波罗热核电厂的真正军事恐怖袭击，并被占领者占领。因此，以欧洲最大的扎波罗热核电站（Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant，ZNPP）的情况为例，确定乌克兰核电站在极端战争条件下的核安全和环境安全水平的问题极为紧迫，这正是因为该核电站位于战区。在全面战争期间，已经有数十枚弹头击中了扎波罗热核电站的关键基础设施、核电站外部和紧急供电系统（变压器设备、用户供电系统、柴油发电机房、核电站工业用地等）。由于核电站停电，以及由于电网系统中的各种物体遭到破坏而导致用户被迫断电，核电站的发电设备也相应地紧急停机。这些事件引起了世界公众对 ZNPP 核辐射事故可能导致新的全球核生态灾难的极大恐慌和担忧。多年来全球核电反应堆设施（NPRF）运行及其安全监管的经验，以及核电站最大核辐射事故的教训，都表明包括扎波罗热核电站在内的核电站传统概率指标和安全标准的有效性不足。考虑到需要预测不太可能发生的紧急事件及其组合的可能性，以及这些事件将造成的灾难性后果等因素，在极端战争条件下评估 Zaporizhzhya 核电站客观安全水平的概率方法证据不足。因此，由于 ZNPP 位于战区，对该核电站的核安全和辐射安全水平进行客观评估，并为防止乌克兰核电站发生核灾难和环境灾难提出切实可行的建议，是乌克兰整个核能行业面临的一个极其紧迫的问题。
{"title":"Problems of safe operation of Zaporizka NPP in the conditions of war in Ukraine","authors":"Volodymyr M. Vashchenko, Iryna B. Korduba","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.29-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.29-38","url":null,"abstract":"Among the specified types of terrorist threats, the most dangerous today is the nuclear threat, which has moved from the realm of the probable to a real military-terrorist attack on the Zaporizhzhia NPP and its capture by the occupiers. Therefore, the issue of determining the level of nuclear and environmental safety of Ukraine's nuclear power plants in extreme war conditions, using the example of the situation that developed at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP), the largest in Europe, is extremely urgent, precisely because of the station's location in the war zone.During the period of the full-scale war, there have already been dozens of warheads hitting the objects of the critical infrastructure of the ZNPP, the external and emergency power supply of the ZNPP (transformer equipment, power supply systems to consumers, the premises of diesel generators, the industrial site of the station, and others). There have been corresponding emergency shutdowns of the power units of the ZNPP due to the blackout of the station and due to the forced disconnection of consumers as a result of the destruction of various objects in the power grid systems. These events cause great alarm and concern of the world public regarding the possibility of new global nuclear-ecological disasters due to nuclear-radiation accidents at the ZNPP. Many years of global experience in the operation of nuclear power reactor facilities (NPRF) and their safety regulation, as well as lessons from the largest nuclear and radiation accidents at NPPs, have revealed the insufficient validity of traditional probability indicators and safety criteria for NPPs, including the Zaporizhzhya plant. Probabilistic approaches to assessing the objective level of safety of the Zaporizhzhya NPP in extreme conditions of war are insufficiently substantiated, taking into account, among other things, the need to predict the possibility of the occurrence of unlikely emergency events and their combinations, which will have catastrophic consequences.Therefore, conducting an objective assessment of the level of nuclear and radiation safety at the ZNPP due to the station's location in the war zone, as well as substantiating practical recommendations for preventing nuclear and environmental disasters at the NPPs of Ukraine, is an extremely urgent issue for the entire nuclear energy industry of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.113-132
Vasyl Ustimenko, O. Pustovit
Discovery of q-regular tree description in terms of an infinite system of quadratic equations over finite field Fq had an impact on Computer Science, theory of graph based cryptographic algorithms in particular. It stimulates the development of new graph based stream ciphers. It turns out that such encryption instruments can be efficiently used in GIS protection systems which use N-Tier Architecture. We observe known encryption algorithms based on the approximations of regular tree, their modifications defined over arithmetical rings and implementations of these ciphers. Additionally new more secure graph based ciphers suitable for GIS protection will be presented.Algorithms are constructed using vertices of bipartite regular graphs D(n,K) defined by a finite commutative ring K with a unit and a non-trivial multiplicative group K*. The partition of such graphs are n-dimensional affine spaces over the ring K. A walk of even length determines the transformation of the transition from the initial to the last vertex from one of the partitions of the graph. Therefore, the affine space Kn can be considered as a space of plaintexts, and walking on the graph is a password that defines the encryption transformation.With certain restrictions on the password the effect when different passwords with K*)2s, s <[(n+5)/2]/2 correspond to different ciphertexts of the selected plaintext with Kn can be achieved.In 2005, such an algorithm in the case of the finite field F127 was implemented for the GIS protection. Since then, the properties of encryption algorithms using D(n, K) graphs (execution speed, mixing properties, degree and density of the polynomial encryption transform) have been thoroughly investigated.The complexity of linearization attacks was evaluated and modifications of these algorithms with the resistance to linearization attacks were found. It turned out that together with D(n, K) graphs, other algebraic graphs with similar properties, such as A(n, K) graphs, can be effectively used.The article considers several solutions to the problem of protecting the geological information system from possible cyberattacks using stream ciphers based on graphs. They have significant advantages compared to the implemented earlier systems.
用有限域 Fq 上的无限二次方程系统来描述 q 规则树的发现对计算机科学，特别是基于图的加密算法理论产生了影响。它促进了基于图的新型流密码的发展。事实证明，这种加密工具可以有效地用于采用 N 层架构的 GIS 保护系统。我们观察了基于正则树近似值的已知加密算法、在算术环上定义的修改算法以及这些密码的实现。此外，我们还将介绍适用于 GIS 保护的更安全的基于图的新型密码。算法的构建使用了由带有一个单位的有限交换环 K 和一个非三乘群 K* 定义的双方正则图 D(n,K) 的顶点。这种图的分区是环 K 上的 n 维仿射空间。偶数长度的行走决定了从图的一个分区的初始顶点到最后一个顶点的转换。因此，可以将仿射空间 Kn 视为明文空间，在图上行走就是定义加密变换的密码。在对密码有一定限制的情况下，当 K*)2s, s <[(n+5)/2]/2 的不同密码对应于 Kn 所选明文的不同密文时，就可以实现这种效果。2005 年，在有限域 F127 的情况下实现了这种算法，用于 GIS 保护。从那时起，人们对使用 D（n，K）图的加密算法的特性（执行速度、混合特性、多项式加密变换的度数和密度）进行了深入研究，对线性化攻击的复杂性进行了评估，并发现了这些算法对线性化攻击的抵抗能力。事实证明，除了 D（n，K）图之外，其他具有类似性质的代数图，如 A（n，K）图，也可以有效使用。文章考虑了使用基于图的流密码保护地质信息系统免受可能的网络攻击的几种解决方案。与早期实施的系统相比，它们具有明显的优势。
{"title":"On security of GIS systems with N-tier architecture and family of graph based ciphers","authors":"Vasyl Ustimenko, O. Pustovit","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.113-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.113-132","url":null,"abstract":"Discovery of q-regular tree description in terms of an infinite system of quadratic equations over finite field Fq had an impact on Computer Science, theory of graph based cryptographic algorithms in particular. It stimulates the development of new graph based stream ciphers. It turns out that such encryption instruments can be efficiently used in GIS protection systems which use N-Tier Architecture. We observe known encryption algorithms based on the approximations of regular tree, their modifications defined over arithmetical rings and implementations of these ciphers. Additionally new more secure graph based ciphers suitable for GIS protection will be presented.Algorithms are constructed using vertices of bipartite regular graphs D(n,K) defined by a finite commutative ring K with a unit and a non-trivial multiplicative group K*. The partition of such graphs are n-dimensional affine spaces over the ring K. A walk of even length determines the transformation of the transition from the initial to the last vertex from one of the partitions of the graph. Therefore, the affine space Kn can be considered as a space of plaintexts, and walking on the graph is a password that defines the encryption transformation.With certain restrictions on the password the effect when different passwords with K*)2s, s <[(n+5)/2]/2 correspond to different ciphertexts of the selected plaintext with Kn can be achieved.In 2005, such an algorithm in the case of the finite field F127 was implemented for the GIS protection. Since then, the properties of encryption algorithms using D(n, K) graphs (execution speed, mixing properties, degree and density of the polynomial encryption transform) have been thoroughly investigated.The complexity of linearization attacks was evaluated and modifications of these algorithms with the resistance to linearization attacks were found. It turned out that together with D(n, K) graphs, other algebraic graphs with similar properties, such as A(n, K) graphs, can be effectively used.The article considers several solutions to the problem of protecting the geological information system from possible cyberattacks using stream ciphers based on graphs. They have significant advantages compared to the implemented earlier systems.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irregularity of geometric and physical parameters in thin-walled structures leads to significant concentrations of stresses and creates dangerous zones for the spread of cracks or plastic deformations. Under the influence of a tense state, they are similar to gills. Stress concentration zones in areas of irregularity have a significant impact on the tensile strength and durability of thin-walled structures. Traditional analytical and numerical methods known at this time are less effective in investigating the stress-strain condition of corrugated thin-walled structures. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new effective methods for solving the tasks of this class. Currently, for engineering calculations, there is virtually no comparison of simple and convenient formulas for determining the critical compressive load taking into account the peculiarities of the design. The scientific novelty of the paper is that to achieve the set goal, it will be used for the first time in the general theory developed for the calculation of buildings and structures, known as the "Theory of elasticity in ordinary differential equations." The paper will show that the accuracy of this new theory is adequate to the classical elongation theory and at the same time dramatically simplifies the solution of any problem in the calculation of tiles, which is achieved by converting them to conventional differential equations. The general methods of compiling differential equations, the methods of its simplification, for the calculation of membranes with cross-sectional incisions, and the calculation of plates under conditions of nonlinear deformation are discussed. Methods for solving differential equations with variable and momentum coefficients are specified. An algorithm and a program for the analysis of the stress-strain state of spatial structures and their elements are developed. The practical value of the paper lies in the possibility of using developed methods and programs for the design and construction of buildings, as well as for the stability tasks of slabs with holes, and panels used in construction as typical assembly elements. The given mathematical algorithm and program for specific tasks, which are distinguished by simplicity, can be used by design and research organizations in the calculation and design of plates and membranes.
{"title":"Search for an equal-strength contour inside a viscoelastic rectangle","authors":"Giorgi Kapanadze, Vakhtang Balavadze, Leila Kristesiashvili, Vakhtang Archvadze","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.154-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.154-162","url":null,"abstract":"Irregularity of geometric and physical parameters in thin-walled structures leads to significant concentrations of stresses and creates dangerous zones for the spread of cracks or plastic deformations. Under the influence of a tense state, they are similar to gills. Stress concentration zones in areas of irregularity have a significant impact on the tensile strength and durability of thin-walled structures. Traditional analytical and numerical methods known at this time are less effective in investigating the stress-strain condition of corrugated thin-walled structures. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new effective methods for solving the tasks of this class. Currently, for engineering calculations, there is virtually no comparison of simple and convenient formulas for determining the critical compressive load taking into account the peculiarities of the design. The scientific novelty of the paper is that to achieve the set goal, it will be used for the first time in the general theory developed for the calculation of buildings and structures, known as the \"Theory of elasticity in ordinary differential equations.\" The paper will show that the accuracy of this new theory is adequate to the classical elongation theory and at the same time dramatically simplifies the solution of any problem in the calculation of tiles, which is achieved by converting them to conventional differential equations. The general methods of compiling differential equations, the methods of its simplification, for the calculation of membranes with cross-sectional incisions, and the calculation of plates under conditions of nonlinear deformation are discussed. Methods for solving differential equations with variable and momentum coefficients are specified. An algorithm and a program for the analysis of the stress-strain state of spatial structures and their elements are developed. The practical value of the paper lies in the possibility of using developed methods and programs for the design and construction of buildings, as well as for the stability tasks of slabs with holes, and panels used in construction as typical assembly elements. The given mathematical algorithm and program for specific tasks, which are distinguished by simplicity, can be used by design and research organizations in the calculation and design of plates and membranes.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.39-48
Оksana M. Тykhenko, Karina S. Deineka
The increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have been recognized as a major contributor to global climate change. As a result, there is a pressing need to develop sustainable and eco-friendly methods for mitigating CO2 emissions. CO2 recycling has emerged as a promising solution, aiming to convert CO2 into valuable products while reducing its impact on the environment. This work uses the CO2 recycling approach, which involves the conversion of CO2 emissions into useful organic compounds. An experiment with artificial photosynthesis is carried out with the help of a special installation, where CO2 undergoes photochemical reactions that contribute to the formation of organic compounds. Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 is environmentally friendly as it uses light energy and renewable raw materials to produce valuable chemicals without producing harmful by-products or waste. It has been established that TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile is the most common CO2 photocatalyst. As a result of the experiment, the main output products were methanol, acetate aldehyde and acetone. The use of ultraviolet radiation and an electric field significantly affected the synthesis of organic substances and their quantity. It can be used in various industries such as fuel, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In particular, methanol, acetate aldehyde and acetone are promising substances for the use and production of biofuels.
{"title":"Environmental aspects of using artificial photosynthesis technology for environmental decarbonization","authors":"Оksana M. Тykhenko, Karina S. Deineka","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.39-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.39-48","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have been recognized as a major contributor to global climate change. As a result, there is a pressing need to develop sustainable and eco-friendly methods for mitigating CO2 emissions. CO2 recycling has emerged as a promising solution, aiming to convert CO2 into valuable products while reducing its impact on the environment. This work uses the CO2 recycling approach, which involves the conversion of CO2 emissions into useful organic compounds. An experiment with artificial photosynthesis is carried out with the help of a special installation, where CO2 undergoes photochemical reactions that contribute to the formation of organic compounds. Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 is environmentally friendly as it uses light energy and renewable raw materials to produce valuable chemicals without producing harmful by-products or waste. It has been established that TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile is the most common CO2 photocatalyst. As a result of the experiment, the main output products were methanol, acetate aldehyde and acetone. The use of ultraviolet radiation and an electric field significantly affected the synthesis of organic substances and their quantity. It can be used in various industries such as fuel, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In particular, methanol, acetate aldehyde and acetone are promising substances for the use and production of biofuels.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.144-153
Vasyl M. Trysnyuk, V. Shumeiko
The work is devoted to solving the scientific and practical task of modeling beam structures based on the materials of multispectral space images based on aerospace and contact measurements. The effectiveness of the use of space survey materials for the study of soil cover largely depends on the time of the survey. The linear forms of erosion (waterholes, ravines) are deciphered on space photographs, which are displayed only on images with a spatial resolution of 1-2 meters in the form of narrow, clearly delineated contours that have a jagged shape.The developed clustering algorithm makes it possible to more clearly identify beam structures on satellite images in combination with data from digital terrain models (DRM). A number of experiments were conducted on some set of remote sensing data of Boryspil and c. Panchevo, Novoukrainsky District, Kirovohrad Region. The experiments consisted in determining the spectral and other features of the beam structures (for example, the shape, soil types, etc.), which are located in different places of the territory that was investigated.On images with a spatial resolution of more than 10 meters, ravines are usually not displayed, but networks of beams with elongated wavy tree-like shapes are clearly visible. In the course of the study, data from multispectral imaging from the Sentinel-2 satellite (MSI scanner) and DEM (Digital Elevation Model, DEM) data obtained through the SRTM 3 archive were used.The research results showed that automating the process of highlighting beam structures on multispectral images with a spatial resolution of 30 m is very difficult. First of all, this can be explained by the fact that the beam consists of vegetation that is also present outside the beam. In addition, the number of channels of the ETM+ scanner and its spatial ability are not enough for a clearer separation of the "beam" class.
{"title":"Information technologies of simulation of beam structures using multispectral spacecraft materials","authors":"Vasyl M. Trysnyuk, V. Shumeiko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.144-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.144-153","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to solving the scientific and practical task of modeling beam structures based on the materials of multispectral space images based on aerospace and contact measurements. The effectiveness of the use of space survey materials for the study of soil cover largely depends on the time of the survey. The linear forms of erosion (waterholes, ravines) are deciphered on space photographs, which are displayed only on images with a spatial resolution of 1-2 meters in the form of narrow, clearly delineated contours that have a jagged shape.The developed clustering algorithm makes it possible to more clearly identify beam structures on satellite images in combination with data from digital terrain models (DRM). A number of experiments were conducted on some set of remote sensing data of Boryspil and c. Panchevo, Novoukrainsky District, Kirovohrad Region. The experiments consisted in determining the spectral and other features of the beam structures (for example, the shape, soil types, etc.), which are located in different places of the territory that was investigated.On images with a spatial resolution of more than 10 meters, ravines are usually not displayed, but networks of beams with elongated wavy tree-like shapes are clearly visible. In the course of the study, data from multispectral imaging from the Sentinel-2 satellite (MSI scanner) and DEM (Digital Elevation Model, DEM) data obtained through the SRTM 3 archive were used.The research results showed that automating the process of highlighting beam structures on multispectral images with a spatial resolution of 30 m is very difficult. First of all, this can be explained by the fact that the beam consists of vegetation that is also present outside the beam. In addition, the number of channels of the ETM+ scanner and its spatial ability are not enough for a clearer separation of the \"beam\" class.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.49-58
Roman O. Hlushchenko, Tetiana M. Tkachenko
The densification of urban building causes the replacement of urban green areas with negative environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to move to the concept of combining living plants with building structures. The concept of green construction is a universal approach that allows not only to reduce the negative impact of construction on the environment but on the contrary, to ensure a positive impact on the environment. This concept can be applied at all levels – from a single building to neighborhoods or settlements. One of the serious problems of cities is the management of stormwater runoff. They carry trash, bacteria, heavy metals and other pollutants through storm drains into local waterways. The most common means of managing urban runoff are storm sewer systems, which have the conventional name of "grey infrastructure." These systems are ageing and require expensive repairs. Due to climate change, the amount of runoff is increasing, which leads to exceeding the carrying capacity of the systems. The development of territories significantly disrupts the water balance. The sponge city allows effective solving of these problems thanks to the maximum approach of the functioning of built-up areas to unbuilt ones. In this work, a "green" roof is being developed on the roof of the "Perekhrestia" shopping and business center in Dnipro city. To do this, the volume of precipitation in the city for 2022 was analyzed. The "Roof Garden" system from the Zinko-Ukraine company was adopted. This system currently has a margin of 50% retention of precipitation falling on green areas. To dispose of water from pedestrian areas, it is necessary to install water storage tank(s). It is advisable to use this water for watering green areas or for toilet needs. Two toilets in the public toilet ensure the emptying of the tank(s) in 15 days. Increasing the number of sanitary devices simplifies the water supply system and increases the resilience of objects to climate change.
{"title":"Rainwater management by “green” roofs on the example of trade-business centre “Perekhrestia”, Dnipro city","authors":"Roman O. Hlushchenko, Tetiana M. Tkachenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.49-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.49-58","url":null,"abstract":"The densification of urban building causes the replacement of urban green areas with negative environmental impact. Therefore, it is necessary to move to the concept of combining living plants with building structures. The concept of green construction is a universal approach that allows not only to reduce the negative impact of construction on the environment but on the contrary, to ensure a positive impact on the environment. This concept can be applied at all levels – from a single building to neighborhoods or settlements. One of the serious problems of cities is the management of stormwater runoff. They carry trash, bacteria, heavy metals and other pollutants through storm drains into local waterways. The most common means of managing urban runoff are storm sewer systems, which have the conventional name of \"grey infrastructure.\" These systems are ageing and require expensive repairs. Due to climate change, the amount of runoff is increasing, which leads to exceeding the carrying capacity of the systems. The development of territories significantly disrupts the water balance. The sponge city allows effective solving of these problems thanks to the maximum approach of the functioning of built-up areas to unbuilt ones. In this work, a \"green\" roof is being developed on the roof of the \"Perekhrestia\" shopping and business center in Dnipro city. To do this, the volume of precipitation in the city for 2022 was analyzed. The \"Roof Garden\" system from the Zinko-Ukraine company was adopted. This system currently has a margin of 50% retention of precipitation falling on green areas. To dispose of water from pedestrian areas, it is necessary to install water storage tank(s). It is advisable to use this water for watering green areas or for toilet needs. Two toilets in the public toilet ensure the emptying of the tank(s) in 15 days. Increasing the number of sanitary devices simplifies the water supply system and increases the resilience of objects to climate change.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.133-143
Serhii V. Zaitsev, Vladyslav M. Vasylenko, Taras V. Trysnyuk, Natalya V. Sokorinska
The article proposes a method of structural adaptation of cascade codes, designed to ensure the specified reliability of information transmission of wireless data transmission systems in the event of interference, due to the dynamic synthesis of combined structures of cascade codes under conditions of a priori uncertainty. The essence of the method is to identify the internal structure of the code, due to which the structure of the component codes of the turbo code is determined. It was developed using the gradient method due to the implementation of a multi-step iterative procedure for finding optimal system parameters. Implementation of the method allows to ensure the reliability of information transmission of wireless data transmission systems. To check the effectiveness of the method of structural adaptation of cascade codes, a simulation model was developed in the C++ programming language in the Visual Studio 2019 software environment, and wireless data transmission systems were simulated. The simulation results show that the combined structure of building cascade codes together with OFDM technology allows you to independently adapt the coding rate of each of the coding stages depending on the results of the analysis of the reliability of information in this cascade, which leads to the provision of the specified reliability of information transmission, while the BSPD bandwidth is reduced by 4–12% against 20–35% of known results. The use of Reed-Solomon codes in a sequential cascade scheme with turbo codes due to the adaptation of the coding rate of this cascade design allows obtaining an energy gain of 0.5–0.7 dB without increasing the bandwidth of the transmission system compared to systems that use only turbo codes. The obtained results are of significant relevance and can be implemented in the development of information transmission systems to ensure the reliability of data transmission, both in peacetime and in conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.
文章提出了一种级联码结构调整方法，旨在通过在先验不确定性条件下动态合成级联码的组合结构，确保无线数据传输系统在受到干扰时信息传输的特定可靠性。该方法的精髓在于识别代码的内部结构，并由此确定涡轮增压代码的组成代码结构。由于采用了多步迭代程序来寻找最佳系统参数，该方法是利用梯度法开发的。采用该方法可以确保无线数据传输系统信息传输的可靠性。为了检验级联码结构调整方法的有效性，在 Visual Studio 2019 软件环境中使用 C++ 编程语言开发了一个仿真模型，并对无线数据传输系统进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，构建级联码的组合结构与 OFDM 技术相结合，可以根据对该级联中信息可靠性的分析结果，独立调整每个编码阶段的编码速率，从而提供指定的信息传输可靠性，而 BSPD 带宽减少了 4-12%，而已知结果为 20-35%。与只使用涡轮编码的系统相比，在带有涡轮编码的顺序级联方案中使用里德-所罗门编码，由于适应了这种级联设计的编码率，可以在不增加传输系统带宽的情况下获得 0.5-0.7 dB 的能量增益。所获得的结果具有重要意义，可用于开发信息传输系统，以确保和平时期和俄罗斯联邦武装侵略乌克兰期间数据传输的可靠性。
{"title":"Method of adaptation of cascade codes to ensure reliability of information transmission of wireless data transmission systems","authors":"Serhii V. Zaitsev, Vladyslav M. Vasylenko, Taras V. Trysnyuk, Natalya V. Sokorinska","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.133-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.133-143","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a method of structural adaptation of cascade codes, designed to ensure the specified reliability of information transmission of wireless data transmission systems in the event of interference, due to the dynamic synthesis of combined structures of cascade codes under conditions of a priori uncertainty. The essence of the method is to identify the internal structure of the code, due to which the structure of the component codes of the turbo code is determined. It was developed using the gradient method due to the implementation of a multi-step iterative procedure for finding optimal system parameters. Implementation of the method allows to ensure the reliability of information transmission of wireless data transmission systems. To check the effectiveness of the method of structural adaptation of cascade codes, a simulation model was developed in the C++ programming language in the Visual Studio 2019 software environment, and wireless data transmission systems were simulated. The simulation results show that the combined structure of building cascade codes together with OFDM technology allows you to independently adapt the coding rate of each of the coding stages depending on the results of the analysis of the reliability of information in this cascade, which leads to the provision of the specified reliability of information transmission, while the BSPD bandwidth is reduced by 4–12% against 20–35% of known results. The use of Reed-Solomon codes in a sequential cascade scheme with turbo codes due to the adaptation of the coding rate of this cascade design allows obtaining an energy gain of 0.5–0.7 dB without increasing the bandwidth of the transmission system compared to systems that use only turbo codes. The obtained results are of significant relevance and can be implemented in the development of information transmission systems to ensure the reliability of data transmission, both in peacetime and in conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.94-112
Oleksandr M. Trofymchuk, Snizhana A. Zahorodnia, V. Vishnyakov, Viktoriya I. Klymenko, N. Sheviakina, Ihor V. Radchuk, Olga Tomchenko, S. Slastin
This work is devoted to the study of the impact of military actions on the environment of Ukraine based on the materials of remote sensing of the Earth. The authors proposed a methodology for determining the scale of fires and the degree of damage to nature conservation objects using the example of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve. In particular, fires are identified with the help of the FIRMS service, which subsequently allows establishing the causes of their occurrence and predicting their direction of spread, as well as estimating the affected areas. The paper presents the results of satellite monitoring of the determination of thermal anomaly centers, their dynamics and extent of damage; a study of the areas flooded due to the lowering of the reservoir is presented; an approach to comprehensive monitoring of the disturbance of the state of ecosystems of nature-protected territories of Ukraine is proposed. The research was conducted in the period from February 2022 to February 2023. Temperature activity was determined in the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve and its adjacent territories, and areas of disturbance of the surface layer of the soil as a result of military operations were identified. The facts of fires, the presence of enemy military equipment, the construction of various fortification structures (trenches, trenches, shelters for equipment), the presence of firing positions, the location and movement of automobiles and other large vehicles have been proven. The proposed research can be used to monitor and document environmental crimes caused by military actions. The obtained results provide information to state authorities for decision-making regarding the preservation and restoration of valuable natural reserves and objects, and also allows forecasting changes in environmental risk due to military actions.
{"title":"Space monitoring of violation of the ecosystem condition of the Black Sea biosphere reserve as a result of military actions","authors":"Oleksandr M. Trofymchuk, Snizhana A. Zahorodnia, V. Vishnyakov, Viktoriya I. Klymenko, N. Sheviakina, Ihor V. Radchuk, Olga Tomchenko, S. Slastin","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.94-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.3.94-112","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the study of the impact of military actions on the environment of Ukraine based on the materials of remote sensing of the Earth. The authors proposed a methodology for determining the scale of fires and the degree of damage to nature conservation objects using the example of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve. In particular, fires are identified with the help of the FIRMS service, which subsequently allows establishing the causes of their occurrence and predicting their direction of spread, as well as estimating the affected areas. The paper presents the results of satellite monitoring of the determination of thermal anomaly centers, their dynamics and extent of damage; a study of the areas flooded due to the lowering of the reservoir is presented; an approach to comprehensive monitoring of the disturbance of the state of ecosystems of nature-protected territories of Ukraine is proposed. The research was conducted in the period from February 2022 to February 2023. Temperature activity was determined in the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve and its adjacent territories, and areas of disturbance of the surface layer of the soil as a result of military operations were identified. The facts of fires, the presence of enemy military equipment, the construction of various fortification structures (trenches, trenches, shelters for equipment), the presence of firing positions, the location and movement of automobiles and other large vehicles have been proven. The proposed research can be used to monitor and document environmental crimes caused by military actions. The obtained results provide information to state authorities for decision-making regarding the preservation and restoration of valuable natural reserves and objects, and also allows forecasting changes in environmental risk due to military actions.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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