A Study on the Passive and Causative of the Jeju Dialect

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the syntactical characteristics of the passive and causative of the Jeju dialect. In the passive expression of the Jeju dialect, the syntactic passive combined with '-eojida' is more prominent than the passive by the passive verb. The causative is characterized by the fact that the causative suffix, which is rarely used in the center, is actively used in this dialect. ‘-ji-’ is the representative causative suffix unique to the Jeju dialect. ‘-ji-’ is combined with some predicates that accompany ‘-gi-’ or ‘-히(hi)-’ in a central language. In addition, ‘-ju-’, the causative suffix of the Jeju dialect, is a causative suffix formed by combining ‘-wu-’ with some intransitive verbs that change to ‘-jida’, and it can be seen as a shortened form of ‘-jiwu-’. In the Jeju dialect, the causative suffix ‘-ri-’ is also realized as ‘-riwu-’ or as ‘-ryu-’. The use patterns of passive and causative of the Jeju dialect are divided between those in their 50s and 60s. While those in their 50s and younger use passive and causative expressions that combine passive and causative suffixes like a central language, those in their 60s and older showed a dominant response that they use passive types combined with '-eojida' and causative verbs combined with causative suffixes unique to the Jeju dialect. In particular, as getting older, they tend to use passive and causative verbs that combine ‘-eojida’ and ‘-ji-’ with dialect-specific predicates rather than predicates with the same word form as that of the central language.