CASTIGO A LOS OFICIALISMOS Y CICLO POLÍTICO DE DERECHA EN AMÉRICA LATINA

Abstract

espanolEl articulo presenta una caracterizacion de tres estrategias (no electoral, electoral no partidaria, y partidaria) que la derecha emplea en America Latina actualmente. Analizando el derrotero reciente de los sistemas de partido en la region argumentamos tambien que el denominado giro a la derecha constituye un proceso de alternancia generado por el castigo a los oficialismos de la ultima decada y media (mayoritariamente de izquierda), mas que un realineamiento ideologico estructural. La alternancia se produce, ademas, en un contexto en que tienden a desaparecer o debilitarse significativamente los partidos establecidos, y en el que irrumpen vehiculos electorales usualmente evanescentes. Finalmente, argumentamos que no parece existir hoy espacio en la region -especialmente debido a la crisis social asociada a los efectos de la pandemia del covid-19- para el fortalecimiento de una derecha neoliberal. Sin embargo, el contexto actual si parece propicio para el surgimiento de outsiders de derecha, capaces de estructurar una agenda prorden que incorpore, en distintas proporciones, politicas de mano dura, conservadurismo valorico, y liberalismo de mercado. EnglishThis article presents a characterization of three type of strategies (non-electoral, non-partisan electoral, and partisan) pursued by the right in contemporary Latin America. By analyzing the recent course of the party systems in the region, we also argue that the so-called turn to the right constitutes a process of power alternation generated by the punishment of incumbents of the last decade and a half (mostly on the left), rather than a structural ideological realignment. This alternation in power occurs in a context, in which established parties tend to disappear or become substantially weaker, and in which short-lived electoral vehicles are gaining traction. Finally, we argue that there does not seem to be space in the region today -especially because of the social crisis associated with the effects of the covid-19 pandemic- for the strengthening of a neoliberal right. However, the current context does seem propitious for the emergence of right-wing outsiders, capable of structuring a pro-order agenda that incorporates, in different proportions, ‘iron-hand’ policies, value conservatism, and market liberalism