Emergence and Transformation of Territorially Based Cleavages and Constitutional Responses in Ethiopia

A. Fiseha
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

This chapter examines the role played by territorially based, ethnonationalist forces in Ethiopia’s remarkable political transformation. It shows how the collapse of the socialist dictatorship and the victory of a coalition of ethnonationalist insurgent forces resulted in constitutional transition, culminating in a federal system designed to empower ethnonationalist groups at regional state level. This institutional design allowed such groups to exercise some self-rule at a regional level and ensure representation at the federal level, while also promoting relative peace and political stability across the country. The chapter first considers the context that led to the emergence and transformation of territorial cleavages in Ethiopia before discussing the period of constitutional engagement (1991–94) and its outcomes. It also considers the lessons that can be drawn from Ethiopia’s adoption of a federal system of government that places strong emphasis on ethnonationalism, along with challenges arising from decentralization, “ethnic federalism,” and political pluralism.
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埃塞俄比亚以领土为基础的分裂和宪法反应的出现和转变
本章考察了以领土为基础的民族民族主义力量在埃塞俄比亚显著的政治转型中所起的作用。它展示了社会主义独裁政权的崩溃和民族主义叛乱力量联盟的胜利是如何导致宪法过渡的,最终形成了一个旨在赋予地区国家一级民族主义团体权力的联邦制度。这种体制设计使这些团体能够在区域一级实行某种程度的自治,并确保在联邦一级有代表权,同时也促进了全国各地的相对和平与政治稳定。本章首先考虑导致埃塞俄比亚领土分裂出现和转变的背景,然后讨论宪法接触时期(1991 - 1994)及其结果。它还考虑了埃塞俄比亚采用强调民族主义的联邦制政府的经验教训,以及权力下放、“民族联邦制”和政治多元化所带来的挑战。
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