Towards Automated Breast Mass Classification using Deep Learning Framework

Abstract

Due to high variability in shape, structure and occurrence; the non-palpable breast masses are often missed by the experienced radiologists. To aid them with more accurate identification, computer-aided detection (CAD) systems are widely used. Most of the developed CAD systems use complex handcrafted features which introduce difficulties for further improvement in performance. Deep or high-level features extracted using deep learning models already have proven its superiority over the low or middle-level handcrafted features. In this paper, we propose an automated deep CAD system performing both the functions: mass detection and classification. Our proposed framework is composed of three cascaded structures: suspicious region identification, mass/no-mass detection and mass classification. To detect the suspicious regions in a breast mammogram, we have used a deep hierarchical mass prediction network. Then we take a decision on whether the predicted lesions contain any abnormal masses using CNN high-level features from the augmented intensity and wavelet features. Afterwards, the mass classification is carried out only for abnormal cases with the same CNN structure. The whole process of breast mass classification including the extraction of wavelet features is automated in this work. We have tested our proposed model on widely used DDSM and INbreast databases in which mass prediction network has achieved the sensitivity of 0.94 and 0.96 followed by a mass/no-mass detection with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9976 and 0.9922 respectively on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, the classification network has obtained an accuracy of 98.05% in DDSM and 98.14% in INbreast database which we believe is the best reported so far.