Tabakat İlminin Önemi ve Mekhûl b. Ebû Müslim’in (öl. 112/730) Râvîlerinin Mertebelendirilmesi Örneği

Abstract

This paper deals with the importance of the science of tabaqat and examines on the superiority of the narrators who narrated from the same teacher over each other. It also envisages to determine the degrees of the narrators who narrated from Imām Makḥūl in terms of justice and ẓabt and to determine their rank in terms of their narrations from him. In addition, in terms of the science of tabaqat, although the narrator generally has thiqa, ḥāfiẓ, and who has ẓabt, for example, the hadiths he narrated from one of his masters can be seen as weak due to the lack of association with his master. Their advantages over each other may vary. This situation highlights the importance of the problem. This paper aims to reveal the importance and benefits of the science of tabaqat and the importance of the superiority of the narrators who narrated from the same teacher over each other. In addition, it is aimed to classify Imām Makḥūl's narrators from the strongest to the weakest. In this study, the importance and benefits of the science of tabaqat with the inductive method, the translations of Makḥūl's narrators, and the books of, the otobiographies, ʿilm al-rijal, al-jarḥ-al-taʿdil and ʿilal al-ḥadīth hidden defects of hadith, which declare the illegitimate narrations, are examined in detail. The ranks of these narrators were determined by making use of the mentioned literary genres and by comparing the narrators with each other. As a result of this study, the following conclusions were reached about the importance and benefits of the science of tabaqat; Tabaqat science ensures that the regions where the narrators live and carry out their scientific activities can be known and that it is possible to distinguish the narrators with similar names, identifiers, nicknames and lineages. In addition to that, in the light of the information provided by the science of tabaqat, it facilitates the discovery of the disconnections in their attributions (irsal and inqiṭaʿ) and their separation from the musnad narrations, in the light of data such as the relationship of the narrators with each other or whether they lived in the same period and the knowledge of their morals. Especially in disputes regarding the shaykh -student relationship, it allows to determine the occurrence of the narrator's conversation with his shaykh and the duration of his association with him, and the fact that some names are abundant in some tabaqa but less in some tabaqa. In addition, these benefits of the science of tabaqat, which we have mentioned, allow us to use this science to other ḥadīth sciences, shows how much data they provide and the strong connection between them. The point of ranking the narrators of Imam Makḥūl, the most powerful narrators were Sulaymān b. Mūsā, Yazīd b. Yazīd, ʿAlāʾ b. Ḥarith and Zayd b. Waqid, the weakest narrator, whom he is worthy of, are Isḥāq b. Abū Farwa, ʿAbd al-Quddūs b. Ḥabīb, Muʿāwiya b. Yaḥyā and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yazīd b. Tamīm were detected.