Nalezljive bolezni sodobnega časa

Zoran Simonović
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Abstract

Infectious diseases have shaped human history, and they still represent significant public health risks nowadays. As new infectious disease agents emerge, old microbes are evolving and acquiring the possibility for more effective human transmission. Some of them become resistant to medicines and spread to new geographical areas. Sometimes public health measures are implemented suboptimally, which makes spreading easier among the human population. The spread of contagious diseases is facilitated by changes in living conditions, mass gatherings, urbanization, growing international trade, and traveling. The most important infectious diseases, which we have encountered in modern times and were or are still representing global public health threats and public health burden, are malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, influenza, infectious diarrhea, Ebola, MERS, SARS, measles, Zika, West Nile fever, Covid-19 and others. In this article, we describe some epidemiological characteristics of some of these infectious diseases.
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传染病塑造了人类历史,如今仍是重大的公共卫生风险。随着新的传染病病原体的出现,旧的微生物正在进化并获得更有效的人类传播的可能性。其中一些对药物产生抗药性并传播到新的地理区域。有时,公共卫生措施的实施不够理想,这使得病毒更容易在人群中传播。生活条件的变化、大规模集会、城市化、日益增长的国际贸易和旅行促进了传染病的传播。近代以来我们遇到的最重要的传染病是疟疾、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、结核病、流感、传染性腹泻、埃博拉、中东呼吸综合征、非典型肺炎、麻疹、寨卡病毒、西尼罗热、新冠肺炎等,它们曾经或仍然构成全球公共卫生威胁和公共卫生负担。在本文中,我们描述了这些传染病的一些流行病学特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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