Impacts of Different Processing Techniques on Chemical and Mineral Components of Wild-Grown Edible Mushroom (Lactarius semisanguifluus R. Heim & Leclair)

Abstract

Lactarius semisanguifluus R. Heim & Leclair (L. semisanguifluus) is one of the wild-grown edible mushroom types. Wild-grown edible mushrooms are widely consumed or sold by people in fresh form. However, due to the high respiration ratio and moisture content, the mushrooms lose their quality immediately after harvest. This causes their shelf life to be very short. For this reason, it is necessary to know the best storage conditions as well as its nutritional content. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatment techniques (drying, canning, and freezing) on the chemical components (dry matter, crude protein, crude fats, ash, and total carbohydrates) and the mineral matters (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) of the L. semisanguifluus. The results show that the moisture content varied between 8.86% to 90.43% (w/w) in the fresh, dried, canned and frozen mushroom samples. The protein content of the with and without processed samples was in the ranged of 1.21% and 18.53%. The ash and fat content of the all samples ranged from 2.79% to 5.94% and from 0.53% to 7.99%, respectively. Additionally, the carbohydrate content was found to be between 0.85 and 58.68%. The energy values of the all samples were estimated to be between 27.56-380.75 kcal 100g-1 and 115.63-1608.20 kJ 100g-1. Potassium (108.6-2367.4 mg 100g-1) and phosphor (37.4-182.7 mg 100g-1) were the most abundant minerals in the analysed samples. The chemical composition of the frozen samples had the closest results to the fresh samples. The results of the present research showed that L. semisanguifluus has a high nutritional quality especially the freezing process is the best protection technique rather than the canning process and was suitable especially for consumption in low caloric diets. Based on overall evaluations, it can be deduced that especially dried mushroom samples can be used in powder form (such as spices and enrichment component in many food formulations) in the production of various food products due to their high nutritional components.