Multiple mechanisms in which agricultural insects respond to environmental stressors: canalization, plasticity and evolution

Yeisson Gutiérrez
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Insects are a paramount component of biodiversity in terms of taxonomic richness, ecological functions and ecosystem services. However, many human activities have negative consequences on such organisms, causing changes in their morphology, physiology, behaviour, and even causing mass deaths leading to the well-recognized insect decline phenomenon. Although the effects of some environmental stressors (e.g. global warming and pesticides) on insect biology are fairly well understood, there is a plethora of stressors that that have only recently been considered. Additionally, although the exposure to multiple stressors is a common scenario in natural conditions, our knowledge on insect responses in this regard is still incipient. Knowledge that is in much need to inform policy makers in the fight against global change. Here, a short review on prominent environmental stressors, and the known responses that insects may exhibit, which are summarized as canalization, plasticity and evolution is provided. Furthermore, an outlook and recommendation for future studies aiming to elucidate the effects of environmental stressors (both lone and mixed) on insect biology is given. This manuscript advocates for controlled (lab or semi-field) manipulative experiments that implement realistic environmental conditions and that ideally combine several stressors.
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农业昆虫应对环境压力的多种机制:渠化、可塑性和进化
就分类丰富度、生态功能和生态系统服务而言,昆虫是生物多样性的重要组成部分。然而,许多人类活动对这些生物产生了负面影响,导致它们的形态、生理、行为发生变化,甚至造成大规模死亡,导致公认的昆虫减少现象。虽然一些环境压力因素(如全球变暖和杀虫剂)对昆虫生物学的影响已经被很好地理解,但还有很多压力因素直到最近才被考虑到。此外,尽管暴露于多种应激源是自然条件下的常见情况,但我们对昆虫在这方面的反应的了解仍处于起步阶段。在应对全球变化的斗争中,决策者非常需要这些知识。本文简要介绍了主要的环境胁迫因素,以及昆虫可能表现出的反应,归纳为渠化、可塑性和进化。最后,对进一步研究单一和混合环境应激源对昆虫生物学的影响进行了展望和建议。本手稿提倡控制(实验室或半现场)操作实验,实现现实的环境条件,并理想地结合几个压力源。
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