GENETIC IMPROVEMENT ASSESSMENT OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD CHARACTERS IN M3 MUTANTS OF BREAD WHEAT

H. Awaad, Z. Attia, K. S. A. lateif, M. Gomaa, Ghada Abaza
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inchas, Egypt. The aim of this study was to induce genetic variability in Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9 wheat cultivars using Gamma ray, LASER beams and Ethyl Methan Sulphonate. Field studies were conducted on M1, M2 and M3 generations. Bulked M3 mutants were evaluated during growing 2013/2014 season for performance and genetic variability of morpho-physiological and yield characters. The most promising M3 mutants derived from mother cultivar Sids 12 were Sd-12 0.3EMS and Sd-12 0.4EMS for high grain yield, no. of spikes/plant, flag leaf chlorophyll content, flag leaf area and spike length with moderate plant height. Whereas, the most promising populations derived from mother cultivar Sakha 94 were Sk-94 350 Gy, Sk-94 400 Gy and Sk-94 2hr LASER for grain yield and its components, flag leaf chlorophyll content, spike length. Furthermore, those obtained from Gemmieza 9 were Gm-9 0.3EMS for grain yield and its components, flag leaf area, flag leaf chlorophyll content, plant height and spike length. Maximum estimates of phenotypic (PCV), genotypic (GCV) and environmental (ECV) coefficients of variability were detected for No. of spikes/ plant followed by grain yield/plant and then No. of grains/spike in both Sids 12 and Sakha 94 as well as No. of grains/spike followed by grain yield/plant and flag leaf area. Heritability estimates in the broad sense in M3 generation varied from moderate to high for grain yield/plant and its contributing characters. The genetic advance was high for No. of grains/ spike and ranged from low to moderate for the remaining yield contributing characters in the three mutant cultivars. The cluster analysis based on the mean performance of grain yield/plant grouped wheat genotypes into three main clusters at 95% similarity. Interestingly, the derived mutants were clustered in separate groups than their mother cultivars (Sids 12, Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 9). These results confirm the efficiency of the mutagens to induce genetic variations.
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面包小麦m3突变体形态生理及产量性状的遗传改良评价
本调查在埃及印加斯原子能管理局核研究中心植物研究部实验农场进行。利用伽马射线、激光束和甲磺酸乙酯诱导Sids 12、Sakha 94和Gemmeiza 9小麦品种的遗传变异。对M1、M2和M3代进行了田间研究。在2013/2014生长季,对体积M3突变体的生产性能、形态生理和产量性状的遗传变异进行了评估。从母品种Sids -12衍生的M3突变体中,产量最高的是Sd-12 0.3EMS和Sd-12 0.4EMS;穗/株、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶面积和穗长,株高适中。而在籽粒产量、籽粒组分、旗叶叶绿素含量、穗长方面,母品种萨哈94最具潜力的群体是Sk-94 350 Gy、Sk-94 400 Gy和Sk-94 2hr LASER。籽粒产量及其组分、旗叶面积、旗叶叶绿素含量、株高和穗长均为Gm-9 0.3EMS。检测了No. 5的表型(PCV)、基因型(GCV)和环境(ECV)变异系数的最大估计值。穗数/株次之,产量/株次之,产量/株次之。在Sids 12和Sakha 94以及No. 2中,籽粒/穗的数量都有所增加。粒数/穗数,其次是产量/株数和面叶面积。M3代广义遗传力估计在单株产量及其贡献性状上由中等到高不等。遗传上的进步很大。3个突变品种籽粒/穗的剩余产量贡献性状从低到中等不等。基于籽粒产量/株平均表现的聚类分析将小麦基因型分为三个主要聚类,相似度为95%。有趣的是,衍生突变体比其母品种(Sids 12、Sakha 94和Gemmeiza 9)聚集在不同的群体中。这些结果证实了诱变剂诱导遗传变异的有效性。
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