Formation of nonlinear optical MQD (metal quantum dot) in waveguides and modification by high-power laser irradiation

Abstract

Light waveguides were obtained by ion-exchange process in soda- lime glasses. Metal nanoclusters were subsequently formed in waveguides by either low-mass ion irradiation, at energies of 20 - 2000 keV, or by heating in hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures varying in the range 100 - 250 degree(s)C. Nanoclusters modification induced by pulsed laser irradiation were investigated. The materials were characterized by secondary ion mass spectrometry and nuclear techniques, such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, to determine concentration depth-profiles, and by transmission electron microscopy for the nanoclusters detection and size evaluation. Optical analyses were performed to evidence linear and nonlinear properties.