M. Ulmeanu, G. Georgescu, R. Medianu, N. Nastase, C. Ghica, V. Vasiliu
In order to make X-ray-UV interference mirrors, we tried to obtain a periodic multilayer structure with thin films of two materials, a high absorption material (Ni) and a low absorption material (C) on a quartz substrate. We present theoretical approaches to determine the optimum values of the thicknesses of each thin film and the number of periods required for maximum reflectivity at normal incidence of a soft X-ray mirror working at (lambda) equals 50 angstroms. We also describe the experimental procedures used for obtaining the multilayer structure and the microscopically investigations.
{"title":"Characteristics of a carbon/nickel multilayer structure for soft x-ray optics deposited by rf magnetron sputtering","authors":"M. Ulmeanu, G. Georgescu, R. Medianu, N. Nastase, C. Ghica, V. Vasiliu","doi":"10.1117/12.312727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312727","url":null,"abstract":"In order to make X-ray-UV interference mirrors, we tried to obtain a periodic multilayer structure with thin films of two materials, a high absorption material (Ni) and a low absorption material (C) on a quartz substrate. We present theoretical approaches to determine the optimum values of the thicknesses of each thin film and the number of periods required for maximum reflectivity at normal incidence of a soft X-ray mirror working at (lambda) equals 50 angstroms. We also describe the experimental procedures used for obtaining the multilayer structure and the microscopically investigations.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125204055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Maestle, C. Schmitz, F. Varnik, A. Giesen, H. Huegel
The EUREKA-project CHOCLAB (Characterization of Optical Components and Laser Beams), which was initiated in 1995, aims to investigate and develop instruments and standard measurement procedures for laser beam and laser optics characterization. From the start of the project, one of the main work items in the field of laser beam characterization has been the determination of the beam propagation parameters (beam width, divergence angle and beam propagation factor). The most common measurement devices for these purposes are 2d-matrix-cameras (i.e. CCD-cameras), 1d or 2d scanning devices (i.e. scanning pinholes and/or moving knife- edges)--both of them requiring further evaluation of the measured power density distribution to obtain laser beam parameters--and variable transmission/reflectivity optical elements, which allow the direct measurement of beam properties. The advantages and drawbacks of the different types of measurement devices, as well as measures to reduce systematical and statistical errors will be discussed.
{"title":"Instruments and standard measurement procedures for laser beam characterization","authors":"R. Maestle, C. Schmitz, F. Varnik, A. Giesen, H. Huegel","doi":"10.1117/12.312701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312701","url":null,"abstract":"The EUREKA-project CHOCLAB (Characterization of Optical Components and Laser Beams), which was initiated in 1995, aims to investigate and develop instruments and standard measurement procedures for laser beam and laser optics characterization. From the start of the project, one of the main work items in the field of laser beam characterization has been the determination of the beam propagation parameters (beam width, divergence angle and beam propagation factor). The most common measurement devices for these purposes are 2d-matrix-cameras (i.e. CCD-cameras), 1d or 2d scanning devices (i.e. scanning pinholes and/or moving knife- edges)--both of them requiring further evaluation of the measured power density distribution to obtain laser beam parameters--and variable transmission/reflectivity optical elements, which allow the direct measurement of beam properties. The advantages and drawbacks of the different types of measurement devices, as well as measures to reduce systematical and statistical errors will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117204431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the density of modes in quantum cubic cavities is calculated taking into account the small number of modes. Then the `spatial quantization' fluctuations, which appear as a correction factor in the mode density, are introduced in the Planck law. The discrete form of the Planck radiation spectrum is demonstrated and the limits of this double-quantum regime of the cubic cavity are set for the product of cavity size by temperature. LT(epsilon) (0.1, 1). A reciprocity rule for the cavity size and the temperature is shown. Calculating the total energy in the quantum cubic cavities (QCC), we found out a `corrected' Stefan-Boltzmann law for the double-quantum regime. Furthermore, the corrections for all thermodynamic functions of the photon gas in QCC are given.
{"title":"Radiation spectrum and the thermodynamics of quantum cubic cavities","authors":"V. Vlad, N. Ionescu-Pallas","doi":"10.1117/12.312778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312778","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the density of modes in quantum cubic cavities is calculated taking into account the small number of modes. Then the `spatial quantization' fluctuations, which appear as a correction factor in the mode density, are introduced in the Planck law. The discrete form of the Planck radiation spectrum is demonstrated and the limits of this double-quantum regime of the cubic cavity are set for the product of cavity size by temperature. LT(epsilon) (0.1, 1). A reciprocity rule for the cavity size and the temperature is shown. Calculating the total energy in the quantum cubic cavities (QCC), we found out a `corrected' Stefan-Boltzmann law for the double-quantum regime. Furthermore, the corrections for all thermodynamic functions of the photon gas in QCC are given.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124962518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Baltog, M. Ciurea, G. Pavelescu, L. Mihut, M. Baibarac
The photoluminescence (PL) decay measurements were performed on porous silicon films. It was observed that the two components of PL, one of them fast (ns) and the other slow (microsecond(s) or ms sometimes) have different contributions to PL signal, depending on the wavelength of the excitation light. The slow component of PL was in details investigated. Time decay cures for different excitation (337.1 nm, 470 nm, and 550 nm) and emission (550, 650, 700, 800 and 860 nm) wavelengths and also for different excitation intensities were taken. All decay curves were fitted with a stretched exponential. The slow component of PL was proposed to be attributed to the radiative recombination on surfaces.
{"title":"Photoluminescence decay in porous silicon films","authors":"I. Baltog, M. Ciurea, G. Pavelescu, L. Mihut, M. Baibarac","doi":"10.1117/12.312818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312818","url":null,"abstract":"The photoluminescence (PL) decay measurements were performed on porous silicon films. It was observed that the two components of PL, one of them fast (ns) and the other slow (microsecond(s) or ms sometimes) have different contributions to PL signal, depending on the wavelength of the excitation light. The slow component of PL was in details investigated. Time decay cures for different excitation (337.1 nm, 470 nm, and 550 nm) and emission (550, 650, 700, 800 and 860 nm) wavelengths and also for different excitation intensities were taken. All decay curves were fitted with a stretched exponential. The slow component of PL was proposed to be attributed to the radiative recombination on surfaces.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126635904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When a processed part is visually inspected along a projected line of several meters in length, generated by adequate cylindrical optics, the gaussian beam intensity profile along line length will create problems given by the fading edges of the intensity profile, the variation of the light level across the line and the presence of `hotspot' in the center of the line. In order to avoid these problems, we used the structured light generated by a special developed laser diode producing a non- gaussian (evenly illuminated) distinct line. The visibility of the projected line in real working conditions, depth of field and focusing performances of the beam are presented, as they have been evaluated.
{"title":"Structured light in visual inspection","authors":"C. Blanaru, V. Vasiliu","doi":"10.1117/12.312716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312716","url":null,"abstract":"When a processed part is visually inspected along a projected line of several meters in length, generated by adequate cylindrical optics, the gaussian beam intensity profile along line length will create problems given by the fading edges of the intensity profile, the variation of the light level across the line and the presence of `hotspot' in the center of the line. In order to avoid these problems, we used the structured light generated by a special developed laser diode producing a non- gaussian (evenly illuminated) distinct line. The visibility of the projected line in real working conditions, depth of field and focusing performances of the beam are presented, as they have been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126728500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is the result of the studies made to establish criteria for the designing and the assessment of the optical systems for the night vision devices so that the ratio between the performances and the manufacture costs is best. These criteria were used to check optical systems of the existing night vision devices and to design new optical systems.
{"title":"Optical systems for night vision devices","authors":"G. Copot, R. Copot","doi":"10.1117/12.312669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312669","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is the result of the studies made to establish criteria for the designing and the assessment of the optical systems for the night vision devices so that the ratio between the performances and the manufacture costs is best. These criteria were used to check optical systems of the existing night vision devices and to design new optical systems.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122079626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yatsui, Weihua Jiang, K. Nishiura, T. Yukawa, C. Grigoriu, I. Chis, A. Marcu, D. Miu
Nanosize powders of AlN was successfully synthesized by pulsed laser ablation. The target can be either Al or AlN, with ambient gas nitrogen. With Al targets, typical powder diameters were in the range of 2.5 divided by 25 nm. In order to study the process of powder formation, we have used a high-speed camera and a time-resolved spectrum analyzing system to investigate the behavior of the ablation plasma and the ion species in the plasma. For the diagnostic experiments, the target was Al and the ambient gas was oxygen.
{"title":"Synthesis of nanosize powders by pulsed laser ablation and related plasma diagnostics","authors":"K. Yatsui, Weihua Jiang, K. Nishiura, T. Yukawa, C. Grigoriu, I. Chis, A. Marcu, D. Miu","doi":"10.1117/12.312746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312746","url":null,"abstract":"Nanosize powders of AlN was successfully synthesized by pulsed laser ablation. The target can be either Al or AlN, with ambient gas nitrogen. With Al targets, typical powder diameters were in the range of 2.5 divided by 25 nm. In order to study the process of powder formation, we have used a high-speed camera and a time-resolved spectrum analyzing system to investigate the behavior of the ablation plasma and the ion species in the plasma. For the diagnostic experiments, the target was Al and the ambient gas was oxygen.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129882336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An optical fiber multiplexed image transmission system can be used in dangerous and low accessible environments, such as in nuclear or high explosion risk environments because the optical fiber cable is insensitive to the electromagnetic disturbances and, when an appropriate optical fiber is used, it withstands the gamma radiation. The system has the capability to simultaneously transmit, by using the video signals switch, the image from four CCD cameras placed in the dangerous environment to a remote surveillance center, at 2 km distance.
{"title":"Optical fiber multiplexed image transmission system","authors":"S. Micloş, T. Zisu, Bogdan Robea","doi":"10.1117/12.312667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312667","url":null,"abstract":"An optical fiber multiplexed image transmission system can be used in dangerous and low accessible environments, such as in nuclear or high explosion risk environments because the optical fiber cable is insensitive to the electromagnetic disturbances and, when an appropriate optical fiber is used, it withstands the gamma radiation. The system has the capability to simultaneously transmit, by using the video signals switch, the image from four CCD cameras placed in the dangerous environment to a remote surveillance center, at 2 km distance.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127032219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulsed laser photoacoustic detection of NO2 and SO2 is reported. The laser source is a pulsed molecular nitrogen laser emitting at 337.1 nm. The average energy per pulse is about 350 (mu) J and the pulse duration 10 nsec. For detection we used a piezoelectric transducer (TUSIM-N.I.M.P., resonance frequency 4 MHz) and an electret condenser microphone (Trevi EM 27). The photoacoustic cell was a nonresonant one, with a cylindrical shape. The laser beam was centered along the cylinder axis. Linear dependence of the photoacoustic signal on pollutant pressure was obtained. This linearity is in a good agreement with theoretical considerations. The photoacoustic signal was measured for pollutants pressure between 1 torr and 100 torr for NO2 and between 35 torr and 100 torr for SO2.
{"title":"Detection of atmospheric pollutants by pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy","authors":"M. Roman, M. Pascu, A. Staicu","doi":"10.1117/12.312740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312740","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed laser photoacoustic detection of NO2 and SO2 is reported. The laser source is a pulsed molecular nitrogen laser emitting at 337.1 nm. The average energy per pulse is about 350 (mu) J and the pulse duration 10 nsec. For detection we used a piezoelectric transducer (TUSIM-N.I.M.P., resonance frequency 4 MHz) and an electret condenser microphone (Trevi EM 27). The photoacoustic cell was a nonresonant one, with a cylindrical shape. The laser beam was centered along the cylinder axis. Linear dependence of the photoacoustic signal on pollutant pressure was obtained. This linearity is in a good agreement with theoretical considerations. The photoacoustic signal was measured for pollutants pressure between 1 torr and 100 torr for NO2 and between 35 torr and 100 torr for SO2.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121147044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Brojbeanu, S. Suteanu, M. Udrea, V. Vasiliu
A comparative study on four groups of patients which have been exposed to laser radiation was performed. Three wavelength were used (633, 670 and 830 nm). The fourth group received only laser placebo. Every group is composed by 20 people homogeneously selected from the point of view of age, sex and clinical and paraclinical parameters. The irradiation dose was kept almost the same, i.e. 15 J/cm2. The dependence of subjective and objective indicators on the laser wavelength were put into evidence.
{"title":"Influence of the laser beam wavelength on the gonoarthrosis treatment: a preliminary comparative study","authors":"Gabriela Brojbeanu, S. Suteanu, M. Udrea, V. Vasiliu","doi":"10.1117/12.312829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312829","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study on four groups of patients which have been exposed to laser radiation was performed. Three wavelength were used (633, 670 and 830 nm). The fourth group received only laser placebo. Every group is composed by 20 people homogeneously selected from the point of view of age, sex and clinical and paraclinical parameters. The irradiation dose was kept almost the same, i.e. 15 J/cm2. The dependence of subjective and objective indicators on the laser wavelength were put into evidence.","PeriodicalId":383583,"journal":{"name":"ROMOPTO International Conference on Micro- to Nano- Photonics III","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121337647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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