HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC STRATEGY OF UKRAINE UNTIL 2030

M. Agafonova
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Abstract

The aim of the article is to identify ways to win the competition for talents, outlined in the National Economic Strategy of Ukraine until 2030. The article analyzes the level of education and training in Ukraine, the level of skills and competencies available in the country, as well as the level of competitiveness of national talents based on the World Digital Competitiveness Report (WDCR) 2021/IMD, World Talent Ranking (WTR) 2021/IMD and Global Innovation Index 2021/WIPO. Despite the fact that from year to year the level of education and training in Ukraine shows a growing trend (in 2021 according to the WDCR Ukraine was included in the TOP-20 countries, for the first time since 2016 occupying 18th position among 64 countries of the world), the level of competitiveness of national talents is weakening (in 2021 the country weakened its position, taking 46th place among 64 countries against 42nd place in 2020). In this regard, the basic barriers to increasing the competitiveness of national talents and winning competition for them have been identified. The first of them is the ability to retain local talents in Ukraine, attracted, in particular, from the International Talent Pool (according to this indicator, our country occupies the penultimate position, even though according to the WTR 2020, the International Talent Pool is approached by those economies that are at the top of the world talent rankings). The second barrier is the motivating factor (by the level of «brain drain», Ukraine ranked among the top three outsiders in 2021, despite the fact that according to the WTR 2021, the world's most competitive economies in the field of talent are the best employee motivation, similar to education indicators). The last obstacle on the way to increasing the competitiveness of national talents is the level of scientific concentration in the country, which since 2018 shows a declining trend (according to this indicator during 2018-2021, our country lost 15 positions). Recom­mendations for increasing the level of competitiveness of national talents are given and the ways to win the competition for talents are outlined.
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根据乌克兰到2030年的国家经济战略进行人力资本开发
本文的目的是确定赢得人才竞争的方法,这是乌克兰到2030年国家经济战略中概述的。本文根据《2021年世界数字竞争力报告》(WDCR) /IMD、《2021年世界人才排名》(WTR) /IMD和《2021年全球创新指数》(WIPO)分析了乌克兰的教育和培训水平、该国现有的技能和能力水平,以及国家人才的竞争力水平。尽管乌克兰的教育和培训水平逐年呈增长趋势(根据WDCR, 2021年乌克兰被列入前20名国家,自2016年以来首次在世界64个国家中占据第18位),但国家人才的竞争力水平正在减弱(2021年该国的地位减弱,在64个国家中排名第46位,而2020年排名第42位)。在这方面,已经确定了提高国家人才竞争力和赢得竞争的基本障碍。首先是乌克兰留住当地人才的能力,特别是从国际人才库中吸引人才的能力(根据这一指标,我国排名倒数第二,尽管根据WTR 2020,那些在世界人才排名中名列前茅的经济体也在接近国际人才库)。第二个障碍是激励因素(根据“人才流失”水平,乌克兰在2021年排名前三,尽管根据WTR 2021,世界上最具竞争力的经济体在人才领域是最好的员工激励,类似于教育指标)。提高国家人才竞争力的最后一个障碍是国家的科学集中度,自2018年以来,该国的科学集中度呈下降趋势(根据该指标,2018-2021年,我国失去了15个职位)。提出了提高国家人才竞争力的建议,并提出了赢得人才竞争的途径。
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