The more the merrier? The effect of family size and birth order on children's education

P. Devereux, Sandra E. Black, K. Salvanes
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引用次数: 1189

Abstract

There is an extensive theoretical literature that postulates a trade-off between child quantity and quality within a family. However, there is little causal evidence that speaks to this theory. Using a rich data set on the entire population of Norway over an extended period of time, we examine the effects of family size and birth order on the educational attainment of children. We find a negative correlation between family size and children's education, but when we include indicators for birth order or use twin births as an instrument, family size effects become negligible. In addition, higher birth order has a significant and large negative effect on children's education. We also study adult earnings, employment, and teenage childbearing and find strong evidence for birth order effects with these outcomes, particularly among women. These findings suggest the need to revisit economic models of fertility and child "production," focusing not only on differences across families but differences within families as well.
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人越多越好?家庭规模和出生顺序对儿童教育的影响
有一个广泛的理论文献假设一个家庭中孩子的数量和质量之间的权衡。然而,几乎没有因果证据支持这一理论。使用丰富的数据集在整个挪威人口在很长一段时间内,我们检查了家庭规模和出生顺序对儿童教育程度的影响。我们发现家庭规模与儿童教育之间存在负相关,但当我们将出生顺序指标或使用双胞胎作为工具时,家庭规模的影响就可以忽略不计了。此外,较高的出生顺序对儿童的教育有显著且较大的负面影响。我们还研究了成人收入、就业和青少年生育,并发现了出生顺序对这些结果的影响的有力证据,特别是在女性中。这些发现表明,有必要重新审视生育率和儿童“生产”的经济模型,不仅要关注家庭之间的差异,还要关注家庭内部的差异。
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