Analysis of features of frontal collision of class D cars

Abstract

Currently, there is a significant increase in road accidents, which can be associated with an increase in the number of cars, the condition of roads in the country and compliance with road discipline by road users. Modern automotive industry pays great attention to road safety. This is ensured by changes in the design of car interiors, which significantly affects the nature of injuries to victims of road accidents. That is why the solution of this issue has become extremely relevant for forensic expert practice. Aim of the work. To establish the characteristic injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of class D cars in a frontal collision. Material and methods. The analysis of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine is carried out. Cases of a fatal head-on collision with a driver and passenger in the front seat of a car with an engine capacity of 2-2.5 liters up to 4.7 meters long and 1.81 meters wide were considered. General and special methods used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the damage was conducted. Statistical analysis included primary data processing by descriptive statistics methods and null hypothesis testing by multifactor analysis. Results. A number of new features have been identified, which are inherent in the damage received in the cabin of a class D car, which can help to identify during the forensic examination. In particular, you should pay attention to the presence of neck injuries. According to the literature, injuries of the cervical spine are among the key and include: rupture of the atlanto-occipital ligament, dislocation and subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, damage to the spinal cord and its membranes. Conclusions: The location and morphological features of spinal injuries can be used as diagnostic criteria in determining the location of the victim in the cabin of a mobile car class D in a frontal collision. The most informative is the analysis of injuries of the cervical spine of the driver and front passenger.