Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.13
Oleksandr Hurov, D. Hladkykh, V. Sapielkin, Andriy Antonov
The article presents the analysis of forensic medical examinations in cases of strangulation asphyxia. Cases with several strangulation furrows that had different ages of formation are presented, the shortcomings of macro- and microscopic research of the strangulation furrow are considered. A description of strangulation furrows with macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of the inflammatory reaction is provided. The peculiarities of the morphological manifestations of the inflammatory reaction in the skin with a strangulation furrow are determined, the question of establishing the antiquity of their formation based on the results of a microscopic study is considered.
{"title":"DISADVANTAGES OF EXPERT RESEARCH STRANGULATION FURROW","authors":"Oleksandr Hurov, D. Hladkykh, V. Sapielkin, Andriy Antonov","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analysis of forensic medical examinations in cases of strangulation asphyxia. Cases with several strangulation furrows that had different ages of formation are presented, the shortcomings of macro- and microscopic research of the strangulation furrow are considered. A description of strangulation furrows with macroscopic and microscopic manifestations of the inflammatory reaction is provided. The peculiarities of the morphological manifestations of the inflammatory reaction in the skin with a strangulation furrow are determined, the question of establishing the antiquity of their formation based on the results of a microscopic study is considered.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.2
V. Franchuk
This literature review aimed to investigate the new scientific trends in the methods concerning criminalistics in cases of firearm trauma. Articles on this topic published in the high-scoreforensic scientifi c journals between 2019-2023 years were analyzed. A literature search revealed the following major scientifi c areas of forensic science which are commonly developed today in cases of fi rearm trauma: fi rearm examination itself, shooting incident reconstruction and wound ballistics. A great importance of wound ballistics has underlined in the review. Basic studies on soft tissue simulants, main ways and methods in which radiology techniques can be applied during forensic medical and ballistic expertize were lightened too. Special attention in the article payed to molecular ballistics and ballistic head model.
{"title":"MODERN GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC TRENDS OF FORENSIC RESEARCH METHODS IN CASES OF FIREARM TRAUMA","authors":"V. Franchuk","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review aimed to investigate the new scientific trends in the methods concerning criminalistics in cases of firearm trauma. Articles on this topic published in the high-scoreforensic scientifi c journals between 2019-2023 years were analyzed. A literature search revealed the following major scientifi c areas of forensic science which are commonly developed today in cases of fi rearm trauma: fi rearm examination itself, shooting incident reconstruction and wound ballistics. A great importance of wound ballistics has underlined in the review. Basic studies on soft tissue simulants, main ways and methods in which radiology techniques can be applied during forensic medical and ballistic expertize were lightened too. Special attention in the article payed to molecular ballistics and ballistic head model.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.14
V. Mishalov, Kostiantyn Voroshilov, Oleksandr Petrochak, Volodymyr Khyzhniak, Andriy Morgun
An analysis of cases of sexual violence in the temporarily occupied territories of the Kyiv region in 2022 is given, an assessment of the criminal consequences of russian aggression is made, and the role of forensic medical examination in the investigation of such cases is determined. Aim of the work. An analysis of cases of sexual violence, including rape, that took place in the temporarily occupied territory of the Kyiv region in 2022 and the determination of the role of forensic medical examination during the investigation of these crimes. Materials and methods. The material of the research was 6 archival "Conclusions of expert research" of the Kyiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination), which related to cases of sexual violence in the temporarily occupied territories of the Kyiv Region in 2022. For statistical processing of quantitative data, standard methods of variational statistics were used. Results. In all cases of sexual violence in the temporarily occupied territories of the Kyiv region during February-March 2022, the victims were women, including minors. They were subjected to sexual torture, including rape, with the use of physical violence and threats by Russian servicemen who, according to the victims, were in an intoxicated state, threatened with firearms, fired shots into the ceiling and floor of the living space, and forced the victim to perform actions contrary to her will. The forms of sexual violence were – verbal violation of a person's dignity, sexual intercourse in a natural (vaginal) and unnatural way (oral, anal) without the use of contraceptives. The violent sexual acts lasted about one hour. Immediately or in the shortest possible time after the indicated violent acts, the victims did not go to medical institutions for medical help and examination. After the deoccupation in June 2022, the victims turned to law enforcement agencies for facts of sexual violence and were examined in medical and diagnostic institutions of the city of Kyiv and in the Kyiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. During their examination, no visible injuries were found on the skin in the areas of the genitals and anus or on the mucous membranes that could be examined. At the time of the inspection, the victims did not make any complaints. In connection with the considerable time that passed from the events in February-March 2022 to the performance of forensic medical examinations in June 2022, the selection of the contents of the vagina, oral cavity and rectum for forensic immunological examination for the presence of spermatozoa – was inappropriate. Conclusions. In all cases, the victims were women, including minors, who were subjected to sexual torture, including rape with the use of physical violence and threats. These criminal actions correspond to both the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the "Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment and Punishment", the "Istanbul Convention", the "Is
{"title":"CASES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF THE KYIV REGION IN 2022 – CRIMINAL CONSEQUENCES OF RUSSIAN AGGRESSION","authors":"V. Mishalov, Kostiantyn Voroshilov, Oleksandr Petrochak, Volodymyr Khyzhniak, Andriy Morgun","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of cases of sexual violence in the temporarily occupied territories of the Kyiv region in 2022 is given, an assessment of the criminal consequences of russian aggression is made, and the role of forensic medical examination in the investigation of such cases is determined. \u0000Aim of the work. An analysis of cases of sexual violence, including rape, that took place in the temporarily occupied territory of the Kyiv region in 2022 and the determination of the role of forensic medical examination during the investigation of these crimes. \u0000Materials and methods. The material of the research was 6 archival \"Conclusions of expert research\" of the Kyiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination), which related to cases of sexual violence in the temporarily occupied territories of the Kyiv Region in 2022. For statistical processing of quantitative data, standard methods of variational statistics were used. \u0000Results. In all cases of sexual violence in the temporarily occupied territories of the Kyiv region during February-March 2022, the victims were women, including minors. They were subjected to sexual torture, including rape, with the use of physical violence and threats by Russian servicemen who, according to the victims, were in an intoxicated state, threatened with firearms, fired shots into the ceiling and floor of the living space, and forced the victim to perform actions contrary to her will. The forms of sexual violence were – verbal violation of a person's dignity, sexual intercourse in a natural (vaginal) and unnatural way (oral, anal) without the use of contraceptives. The violent sexual acts lasted about one hour. Immediately or in the shortest possible time after the indicated violent acts, the victims did not go to medical institutions for medical help and examination. After the deoccupation in June 2022, the victims turned to law enforcement agencies for facts of sexual violence and were examined in medical and diagnostic institutions of the city of Kyiv and in the Kyiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. During their examination, no visible injuries were found on the skin in the areas of the genitals and anus or on the mucous membranes that could be examined. At the time of the inspection, the victims did not make any complaints. In connection with the considerable time that passed from the events in February-March 2022 to the performance of forensic medical examinations in June 2022, the selection of the contents of the vagina, oral cavity and rectum for forensic immunological examination for the presence of spermatozoa – was inappropriate. \u0000Conclusions. In all cases, the victims were women, including minors, who were subjected to sexual torture, including rape with the use of physical violence and threats. These criminal actions correspond to both the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the \"Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment and Punishment\", the \"Istanbul Convention\", the \"Is","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.1
Vitalii Povstyani, V. Mishalov
The article presents topical issues related to the appointment of forensic medical examinations and research at the request of the defense in criminal proceedings, as well as procedural features of the participation of specialists in expert work at the pre-trial investigation stage. Similarities and differences of subjects using special knowledge, namely specialist and expert, were studied. Ways to improve the participation of specialists in the pre-trial process are proposed. Aim of the work. The purpose of the work is to determine the differences between the "Specialist's Opinion" and the "Expert Research Conclusion" in cases of forensic medical examinations on a contractual basis. Results. It was established that "Expert's opinion", "Specialist's opinion", "Consultation" cannot correspond to the expert's opinion according to the following criteria: the qualification requirements for persons with special knowledge are different, and the qualification requirements for a specialist at the regulatory level are not defined at all. Similarities and differences of subjects using special knowledge, namely specialist and expert, were studied. Ways to improve the participation of specialists in the pre-trial process are proposed. Conclusions. If, in order to obtain a specialist's opinion, all the requirements inherent in an expert's opinion must be followed, then the question arises of the feasibility of obtaining such an opinion, instead of evaluating the evidence in a method proven by practice, namely, conducting a forensic medical examination. "Expert's opinion", "Specialist's opinion", "Consultation" cannot correspond to an expert's opinion according to the following criteria: the qualification requirements for persons with special knowledge are different, and the qualification requirements for a specialist at the regulatory level are not defined at all. It is expedient to amend Article 102 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on the procedure for warning an expert about responsibility for a knowingly false conclusion and refusal without valid reasons to perform the duties assigned to him in the case of providing the conclusions of an expert study, on a contractual basis. Article 243 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine should be supplemented with paragraph 71 of the following content: "A copy of the agreement with the expert institution on conducting the examination, a copy of the receipt for payment of the appointed examination shall be attached to the decision of the investigating judge on the commission of the examination. In Article 71 "Basics of the legislation of Ukraine on health care" it is necessary to introduce a provision on the possibility of conducting a forensic medical examination at the request of the defense party or the victim.We consider it expedient to: 1) create in higher education institutions (medical universities) advisory groups of scientific and pedagogical workers (docents, professors), 2) have them undergo t
{"title":"DIFFERENCES BETWEEN \"SPECIALIST'S OPINION\" AND \"EXPERT RESEARCH OPINION\" IN CASES OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS ON A CONTRACTUAL BASIS","authors":"Vitalii Povstyani, V. Mishalov","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents topical issues related to the appointment of forensic medical examinations and research at the request of the defense in criminal proceedings, as well as procedural features of the participation of specialists in expert work at the pre-trial investigation stage. Similarities and differences of subjects using special knowledge, namely specialist and expert, were studied. Ways to improve the participation of specialists in the pre-trial process are proposed. \u0000Aim of the work. The purpose of the work is to determine the differences between the \"Specialist's Opinion\" and the \"Expert Research Conclusion\" in cases of forensic medical examinations on a contractual basis. \u0000Results. It was established that \"Expert's opinion\", \"Specialist's opinion\", \"Consultation\" cannot correspond to the expert's opinion according to the following criteria: the qualification requirements for persons with special knowledge are different, and the qualification requirements for a specialist at the regulatory level are not defined at all. Similarities and differences of subjects using special knowledge, namely specialist and expert, were studied. Ways to improve the participation of specialists in the pre-trial process are proposed. \u0000Conclusions. If, in order to obtain a specialist's opinion, all the requirements inherent in an expert's opinion must be followed, then the question arises of the feasibility of obtaining such an opinion, instead of evaluating the evidence in a method proven by practice, namely, conducting a forensic medical examination. \"Expert's opinion\", \"Specialist's opinion\", \"Consultation\" cannot correspond to an expert's opinion according to the following criteria: the qualification requirements for persons with special knowledge are different, and the qualification requirements for a specialist at the regulatory level are not defined at all. It is expedient to amend Article 102 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on the procedure for warning an expert about responsibility for a knowingly false conclusion and refusal without valid reasons to perform the duties assigned to him in the case of providing the conclusions of an expert study, on a contractual basis. Article 243 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine should be supplemented with paragraph 71 of the following content: \"A copy of the agreement with the expert institution on conducting the examination, a copy of the receipt for payment of the appointed examination shall be attached to the decision of the investigating judge on the commission of the examination. In Article 71 \"Basics of the legislation of Ukraine on health care\" it is necessary to introduce a provision on the possibility of conducting a forensic medical examination at the request of the defense party or the victim.We consider it expedient to: 1) create in higher education institutions (medical universities) advisory groups of scientific and pedagogical workers (docents, professors), 2) have them undergo t","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.9
Nataliia Kozytska, Lesia Kovalchuk
The article examines the age of suspects and victims of sexual crimes. It was determined at what age suspects commit sexual crimes more often and what age of victims is more vulnerable was highlighted. It was established that the victim knew the person suspected of violence.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE AGE OF PERSONS SUSPECTED OF COMMITTING SEX CRIMES AND VICTIMS OF THESE CRIMES IN THE KHMELNYTSK REGION","authors":"Nataliia Kozytska, Lesia Kovalchuk","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the age of suspects and victims of sexual crimes. It was determined at what age suspects commit sexual crimes more often and what age of victims is more vulnerable was highlighted. It was established that the victim knew the person suspected of violence.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"70 4‐5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.8
Nataliia Kozytska, Lesia Kovalchuk
The article provides data on cases of sexual violence in the Khmelnytskyi region, analyzes the dynamics from 2009 to the first half of 2023. The blood group according to the AB0 system of persons suspected of committing sexual violence was determined, and the relationship between the blood group according to the AB0 system and the propensity to these crimes was analyzed.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF PHENOTYPES OF THE AB0 BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM AMONG PERSONS SUSPECTED OF COMMITTING SEX CRIMES IN THE KHMELNYTSK REGION","authors":"Nataliia Kozytska, Lesia Kovalchuk","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides data on cases of sexual violence in the Khmelnytskyi region, analyzes the dynamics from 2009 to the first half of 2023. The blood group according to the AB0 system of persons suspected of committing sexual violence was determined, and the relationship between the blood group according to the AB0 system and the propensity to these crimes was analyzed.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"562 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.4
H. Zelenchuk, Ruslan Kozovyi, Elvira Kindrativ, Nataliia Voronych-Semchenko, Andrii Hrechyn, Vasyl Ivanochko, V. Liampel
Dermatoglyphics is currently a subject of research by specialists in various fields of knowledge. The reason for this is that the study of the comb pattern of the hands and feet is widely used in various medical and non-medical fields, because the dermatoglyphic constitution is a genetically determined trait that remains unchanged throughout life, which closely correlates with other human characteristics, predisposition to certain types of diseases, etc. Also, papillary pattern prints can give us the opportunity to predict deviant processes of personality development. Aim of the work. To identify factor phenotypic features in individuals prone to crimes against human life and health. Materials and methods. In the course of this study, anthroposcopic parameters obtained from 50 persons, male and female, aged 18 to 59 years, who were convicted of crimes against human life and health (CGLH) were analysed: intentional murder (Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), negligent homicide (Article 119 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional murder of a mother of her newborn child (Article 117), intentional grievous bodily harm (Article 121 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional bodily harm of moderate gravity (Article 122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional light bodily harm (Article 125 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional bodily harm of moderate severity (Article 122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional light bodily harm (Article 125 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), torture (Article 127 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), leaving in danger (Article 135 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and 50 persons of the control group (CG). Anthroposcopic (descriptive) parameters were obtained by means of a verbal description that does not contradict generally accepted standards (Ginzburg V.V., 2000; Kozan N.M., 2018). Statistical calculations were performed using the software package STATISTICA 12 for Windows (licence number ZZS9990000099100363DEMO-L). Results. It has been established that for the group of premeditated murderers, the following factors are factor: skin colour (p=0,000), hair colour (p=0,017), hair type (p=0,000), facial features (p=0,023), forehead slope (p=0,004) and the shape of the lower jaw (p=0,000) showed statistically significant differences, and for a number of indicators such as forehead height (p=0,072), forehead width (p=0,060) and cheekbone shape (p=0,056), differences were observed at the level of statistical trend. Conclusion. The presence of factor phenotypic signs indicating a predisposition to criminal acts of varying severity will allow the use of a computer neural network program to predict the propensity to commit offences.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTHROPOSCOPIC FEATURES IN PERSONS WHO HAVE COMMITTED CRIMES AGAINST HUMAN LIFE AND HEALTH","authors":"H. Zelenchuk, Ruslan Kozovyi, Elvira Kindrativ, Nataliia Voronych-Semchenko, Andrii Hrechyn, Vasyl Ivanochko, V. Liampel","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatoglyphics is currently a subject of research by specialists in various fields of knowledge. The reason for this is that the study of the comb pattern of the hands and feet is widely used in various medical and non-medical fields, because the dermatoglyphic constitution is a genetically determined trait that remains unchanged throughout life, which closely correlates with other human characteristics, predisposition to certain types of diseases, etc. Also, papillary pattern prints can give us the opportunity to predict deviant processes of personality development. \u0000Aim of the work. To identify factor phenotypic features in individuals prone to crimes against human life and health. \u0000Materials and methods. In the course of this study, anthroposcopic parameters obtained from 50 persons, male and female, aged 18 to 59 years, who were convicted of crimes against human life and health (CGLH) were analysed: intentional murder (Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), negligent homicide (Article 119 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional murder of a mother of her newborn child (Article 117), intentional grievous bodily harm (Article 121 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional bodily harm of moderate gravity (Article 122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional light bodily harm (Article 125 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional bodily harm of moderate severity (Article 122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), intentional light bodily harm (Article 125 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), torture (Article 127 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), leaving in danger (Article 135 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and 50 persons of the control group (CG). \u0000Anthroposcopic (descriptive) parameters were obtained by means of a verbal description that does not contradict generally accepted standards (Ginzburg V.V., 2000; Kozan N.M., 2018). Statistical calculations were performed using the software package STATISTICA 12 for Windows (licence number ZZS9990000099100363DEMO-L). \u0000Results. It has been established that for the group of premeditated murderers, the following factors are factor: skin colour (p=0,000), hair colour (p=0,017), hair type (p=0,000), facial features (p=0,023), forehead slope (p=0,004) and the shape of the lower jaw (p=0,000) showed statistically significant differences, and for a number of indicators such as forehead height (p=0,072), forehead width (p=0,060) and cheekbone shape (p=0,056), differences were observed at the level of statistical trend. \u0000Conclusion. The presence of factor phenotypic signs indicating a predisposition to criminal acts of varying severity will allow the use of a computer neural network program to predict the propensity to commit offences.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.10
B. Mykhailychenko, A. Biliakov
Forensic medical practice shows that the death of a person can be accompanied by blood loss, which is the result of an injury, or a manifestation of a disease, and therefore, during the forensic medical examination, it is necessary to establish a causal relationship between it and the cause of death. In order to solve these issues, the results of the autopsy, histological examination, analysis of clinical and laboratory hematological data, as well as morphological changes in the heart muscle play a leading role. Aim of the work. Forensic-medical substantiation of the cause of death and features of establishing a cause-and-effect relationship with blood loss in injuries and diseases. Materials and methods. The material of the study was cases of death due to injuries and diseases accompanied by the development of blood loss, which were analyzed in accordance with the instructive forensic and clinical materials. Results. Severe injuries to the human body are accompanied by the development of blood loss, the consequences of which can cause a shock reaction. Clinically, the body's reaction to blood loss occurs when more than 15 % of BCC is lost, and severe shock develops in case of blood loss of more than 25 % of BCC, which is approximately 1,25-1,5 liters of blood. In addition, the speed of blood loss is also important, as a result of which the body's protective mechanisms do not have time to compensate for it. In the case of forensic substantiation of acute blood loss as the cause of death, autopsy and histological examination data are usually used. However, blood loss of varying degrees can also accompany a number of diseases, as a result of which the body develops anemia with hypoxia, which affects the state of the cardiovascular system. In such cases, blood loss does not directly lead to death, but causes disorders in the function of the heart, in particular, exacerbation of the course of coronary disease. This pathogenetic mechanism indicates the absence of a direct causal relationship between blood loss and the onset of death. In such cases, to justify the cause of death, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the presence of clinical indicators confirming blood loss, but also to laboratory hematological data – the content of erythrocytes, the amount of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and most importantly – morphological changes of the heart, which must be described by the most thorough way Conclusions. Complex analysis of all morphological changes and findings during examination of corpse, clinical symptoms of diseases, results of gradual hematological investigations are used to estimate the cause of death. To avoid occurrence or exacerbation of the course of the ischemic heart diseases the monitoring of function of the cardio-vascular systems and electrocardiography in patient with blood loss as symptom of diseases should be used in clinical practice.
{"title":"CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP OF BLOOD LOSS AND CAUSE OF DEATH IN INJURIES AND DISESSES","authors":"B. Mykhailychenko, A. Biliakov","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic medical practice shows that the death of a person can be accompanied by blood loss, which is the result of an injury, or a manifestation of a disease, and therefore, during the forensic medical examination, it is necessary to establish a causal relationship between it and the cause of death. In order to solve these issues, the results of the autopsy, histological examination, analysis of clinical and laboratory hematological data, as well as morphological changes in the heart muscle play a leading role. \u0000Aim of the work. Forensic-medical substantiation of the cause of death and features of establishing a cause-and-effect relationship with blood loss in injuries and diseases. \u0000Materials and methods. The material of the study was cases of death due to injuries and diseases accompanied by the development of blood loss, which were analyzed in accordance with the instructive forensic and clinical materials. \u0000Results. Severe injuries to the human body are accompanied by the development of blood loss, the consequences of which can cause a shock reaction. Clinically, the body's reaction to blood loss occurs when more than 15 % of BCC is lost, and severe shock develops in case of blood loss of more than 25 % of BCC, which is approximately 1,25-1,5 liters of blood. In addition, the speed of blood loss is also important, as a result of which the body's protective mechanisms do not have time to compensate for it. In the case of forensic substantiation of acute blood loss as the cause of death, autopsy and histological examination data are usually used. However, blood loss of varying degrees can also accompany a number of diseases, as a result of which the body develops anemia with hypoxia, which affects the state of the cardiovascular system. In such cases, blood loss does not directly lead to death, but causes disorders in the function of the heart, in particular, exacerbation of the course of coronary disease. This pathogenetic mechanism indicates the absence of a direct causal relationship between blood loss and the onset of death. In such cases, to justify the cause of death, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the presence of clinical indicators confirming blood loss, but also to laboratory hematological data – the content of erythrocytes, the amount of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and most importantly – morphological changes of the heart, which must be described by the most thorough way \u0000Conclusions. Complex analysis of all morphological changes and findings during examination of corpse, clinical symptoms of diseases, results of gradual hematological investigations are used to estimate the cause of death. To avoid occurrence or exacerbation of the course of the ischemic heart diseases the monitoring of function of the cardio-vascular systems and electrocardiography in patient with blood loss as symptom of diseases should be used in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"207 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.5
Yuliia Zmievska, I. Savka
The use of spatial three-dimensional modeling of the main elements of a gunshot injury plays a significant part in the modern forensic medical examination. It allows not only to improve the visualization of such bodily injuries, to increase the objectivity and validity of expert conclusions, to accumulate an evidence basis for war crimes committed with the use of various types of firearms, but it also helps to discover new morphological features which couldn’t be detected when using traditional research methods. The work shows the process of detecting a new morphological feature during three-dimensional modeling of the wound channel caused by the IJ 70-01 pistol loaded with 9 mm cartridges. Aim of the work. Demonstration of new possibilities of three-dimensional spatial modeling in the process of the forensic investigation of a gunshot wound. Materials and methods. To achieve the aim of study, a series of experimental shots were fired from the IJ 70-01 automatic pistol loaded with 9 mm cartridges. To conduct bench ballistic tests according to the US standards – NIJ (National Institute of Justice), HOSDB (Home Office Scientific Development Branch) – standardized ballistic clay Roma Plastilina No.1 was used as the main material that absorbs the energy of the bullet and reproduces all the elements of wound ballistics. It was coated in pig skin with subcutaneous adipose tissue in order to recreate more true-to-life conditions of the gunshot injury. The generated wound channel was filled with Tropicalgin alginate impression material (Zhermack, Italy), which was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions; it has short setting time and reproduces the smallest details of the wound channel. Thereafter, the formed cast of the wound channel was subjected to a series of photographs at the appropriate angles and its 3D model was created with the help of the graphic design software “Agisoft PhotoScan” and “3ds max”. Results. The result of the conducted studies was obtaining a spatial three-dimensional model of the gunshot wound channel, which brings about new opportunities for its research. The implementation of three-dimensional modeling techniques made it possible to discover a new morphological feature – a helical torsion of the wound channel, the direction of which can indicate specific design features of the firearm used. Conclusions. The implementation of three-dimensional spatial modeling in the process of a gunshot trauma investigation sets conditions for increasing visibility and objectivity during conduction of such forensic medical examinations. At the same time, new opportunities are brought about for taking linear dimensions of the existing morphological features of the wound channel main elements with extended precision, the accumulation of demonstrative evidence basis in cases of such injuries, and the discovery of new morphological features for identification of the specific design features of the firearm used.
在现代法医检查中，使用空间三维模型对枪伤的主要元素进行建模起着重要作用。它不仅可以改善此类身体伤害的可视化，提高专家结论的客观性和有效性，为使用各种类型枪支犯下的战争罪行积累证据基础，还有助于发现使用传统研究方法无法发现的新的形态特征。作品展示了在对装有 9 毫米子弹的 IJ 70-01 型手枪造成的伤口通道进行三维建模时发现新形态特征的过程。工作目的展示三维空间建模在枪伤法医调查过程中的新可能性。材料和方法。为了达到研究目的，使用装有 9 毫米子弹的 IJ 70-01 自动手枪进行了一系列实验性射击。为了按照美国标准--NIJ（国家司法研究所）、HOSDB（内政部科学发展处）--进行台架弹道测试，使用了标准弹道粘土 Roma Plastilina No.1 作为主要材料，它可以吸收子弹能量并再现伤口弹道的所有要素。为了更真实地再现枪伤情况，在猪皮上涂上了皮下脂肪组织。按照生产商的说明混合后，在生成的伤口通道中填入热带藻酸盐印模材料（Zhermack，意大利）；该材料凝固时间短，可再现伤口通道的最小细节。之后，对形成的伤口通道模型进行一系列适当角度的拍照，并在图形设计软件 "Agisoft PhotoScan "和 "3ds max "的帮助下创建其三维模型。结果。研究结果是获得了枪伤通道的空间三维模型，这为枪伤通道的研究带来了新的机遇。三维建模技术的应用使我们有可能发现一个新的形态特征--伤口通道的螺旋扭转，其方向可以表明所用枪支的具体设计特征。结论在枪伤调查过程中实施三维空间建模为提高此类法医检查的可视性和客观性创造了条件。同时，这也为以下方面带来了新的机遇：以更高的精度测量伤口通道主要元素的现有形态特征的线性尺寸；积累此类伤害案件的示范证据基础；以及发现新的形态特征以识别所用枪支的特定设计特征。
{"title":"DISCOVERY OF A NEW MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURE IN FORENSIC MEDICINE DURING THE STUDY OF GUNSHOT INJURY USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF THE WOUND CHANNEL","authors":"Yuliia Zmievska, I. Savka","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"The use of spatial three-dimensional modeling of the main elements of a gunshot injury plays a significant part in the modern forensic medical examination. It allows not only to improve the visualization of such bodily injuries, to increase the objectivity and validity of expert conclusions, to accumulate an evidence basis for war crimes committed with the use of various types of firearms, but it also helps to discover new morphological features which couldn’t be detected when using traditional research methods. The work shows the process of detecting a new morphological feature during three-dimensional modeling of the wound channel caused by the IJ 70-01 pistol loaded with 9 mm cartridges. \u0000Aim of the work. Demonstration of new possibilities of three-dimensional spatial modeling in the process of the forensic investigation of a gunshot wound. \u0000Materials and methods. To achieve the aim of study, a series of experimental shots were fired from the IJ 70-01 automatic pistol loaded with 9 mm cartridges. To conduct bench ballistic tests according to the US standards – NIJ (National Institute of Justice), HOSDB (Home Office Scientific Development Branch) – standardized ballistic clay Roma Plastilina No.1 was used as the main material that absorbs the energy of the bullet and reproduces all the elements of wound ballistics. It was coated in pig skin with subcutaneous adipose tissue in order to recreate more true-to-life conditions of the gunshot injury. The generated wound channel was filled with Tropicalgin alginate impression material (Zhermack, Italy), which was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions; it has short setting time and reproduces the smallest details of the wound channel. Thereafter, the formed cast of the wound channel was subjected to a series of photographs at the appropriate angles and its 3D model was created with the help of the graphic design software “Agisoft PhotoScan” and “3ds max”. \u0000Results. The result of the conducted studies was obtaining a spatial three-dimensional model of the gunshot wound channel, which brings about new opportunities for its research. The implementation of three-dimensional modeling techniques made it possible to discover a new morphological feature – a helical torsion of the wound channel, the direction of which can indicate specific design features of the firearm used. \u0000Conclusions. The implementation of three-dimensional spatial modeling in the process of a gunshot trauma investigation sets conditions for increasing visibility and objectivity during conduction of such forensic medical examinations. At the same time, new opportunities are brought about for taking linear dimensions of the existing morphological features of the wound channel main elements with extended precision, the accumulation of demonstrative evidence basis in cases of such injuries, and the discovery of new morphological features for identification of the specific design features of the firearm used.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.6
V. Zozulia
This study is aimed at identifying the most likely intervals and temporal patterns of the occurrence of traffic accidents, which is very relevant and important in the context of the development of road safety. Understanding the specifics of the times and conditions when the likelihood of accidents increases can contribute to the development and implementation of effective road safety measures. The obtained information on the temporal trends of road accidents can become the basis for the development of accident prevention strategies, the establishment of special preventive measures or recommendations for the optimal use of roads at a certain time. Aim of the work. To determine the temporal patterns of the occurrence of road accidents and to identify the most likely intervals of their occurrence. Results. The results showed that the most likely time of day for fatal crashes is between 6.00 p.m. and 11.00 p.m., and they also occur more often on holidays and weekends, with a tendency to increase in the winter months. Thus, road accidents have clearly defined time features, in which the increased probability of occurrence is indicated. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the identification of temporal patterns in the occurrence of road accidents, which can be used for the development of special measures to improve road safety.
{"title":"TIME PATTERNS OF RECEIVING DAMAGE AS A RESULT OF A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT","authors":"V. Zozulia","doi":"10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.2.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at identifying the most likely intervals and temporal patterns of the occurrence of traffic accidents, which is very relevant and important in the context of the development of road safety. Understanding the specifics of the times and conditions when the likelihood of accidents increases can contribute to the development and implementation of effective road safety measures. The obtained information on the temporal trends of road accidents can become the basis for the development of accident prevention strategies, the establishment of special preventive measures or recommendations for the optimal use of roads at a certain time. \u0000Aim of the work. To determine the temporal patterns of the occurrence of road accidents and to identify the most likely intervals of their occurrence. \u0000Results. The results showed that the most likely time of day for fatal crashes is between 6.00 p.m. and 11.00 p.m., and they also occur more often on holidays and weekends, with a tendency to increase in the winter months. Thus, road accidents have clearly defined time features, in which the increased probability of occurrence is indicated. \u0000Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the identification of temporal patterns in the occurrence of road accidents, which can be used for the development of special measures to improve road safety.","PeriodicalId":418898,"journal":{"name":"Forensic-medical examination","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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