Automated Demand Response for Residential Prosumer with Electric Vehicle and Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract

In today's smart active distribution network, end-consumer can participate in the system stability enhancement and system operating quality improvement through the Automated Demand Response (ADR). This paper presents the optimized scheduling of the flexible energy resources under Real-Time Pricing (RTP). The objective of the optimization is to reduce the energy cost of the residential end-consumer, which includes an Electric Vehicle (EV) with a vehicle-to-grid facility enabled and three extra appliances, with the minimal possibility of compromise in comfort and levelized energy cost. The RTP price variation depends on the system condition, and the consumption of the end consumer under optimized scheduling depends upon the RTP. So indirectly, consumers participate in system stability and quality improvement by curtailing the load at a higher price and shifting it to a lower price. The scheduling problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem. The two cases viz optimization problem with and without the discomfort index and levelized cost of energy are presented through the simulation results in this paper.