Nuclear proliferation resistance: issues from technological and institutional viewpoints for the reconstruction of global security

T. Sawada
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Abstract

The proliferation resistance of reactors and fuel cycles has been historically discussed and evaluated from the technological and institutional viewpoints since the 1940s. In particular, under the strong incentive of Carter's Administration in the USA, during the Cold War period, a number of studies were performed to establish the framework of evaluating the degree of nuclear proliferation resistance. Since the end of the Cold War, the structure of the world seems to be changing toward a New World order. However, the evaluation framework of proliferation and the concept of proliferation resistance have not been changed. Here the conventional evaluation of the proliferation resistance is shortly reviewed. Also, issues related to the weapon usability of reactor-grade plutonium are addressed. These give a key knowledge basis to reconstruct global security in the sense of nuclear non-proliferation under the ongoing transformation of the world order.
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防核扩散:重建全球安全的技术与制度视角下的问题
自20世纪40年代以来,人们从技术和制度的角度对反应堆和燃料循环的抗扩散性进行了历史性的讨论和评价。特别是在美国卡特政府的强烈激励下,冷战时期进行了大量研究,建立了评估防核扩散程度的框架。自冷战结束以来,世界的结构似乎正在朝着新世界秩序的方向变化。然而,扩散的评价框架和抗扩散的概念并没有改变。本文简要回顾了抗增殖性的常规评价方法。此外,还讨论了与反应堆级钚的武器可用性有关的问题。这为在世界秩序不断变化的情况下重建核不扩散意义上的全球安全提供了关键的知识基础。
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