The battle against climate change has placed decarbonised capitalism on the economic, political and social agenda. But the shift towards a regime of accumulation compatible with measures to mitigate climate change raises major issues regarding prosperity and power, on a human and political scale never previously entertained. The paper places climate change in the context of the dynamics of the system which caused that change, namely capitalism. The ecological crisis is one manifestation of the crisis gripping the present regime of accumulation, which has reached a financialised, globalised stage. This being the case, any attempt to halt climate change, far from being an environmental issue, must be seen as a problem for the development model of both North and South.
{"title":"Climate change as a global political issue","authors":"M. Abbas","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2012.046738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2012.046738","url":null,"abstract":"The battle against climate change has placed decarbonised capitalism on the economic, political and social agenda. But the shift towards a regime of accumulation compatible with measures to mitigate climate change raises major issues regarding prosperity and power, on a human and political scale never previously entertained. The paper places climate change in the context of the dynamics of the system which caused that change, namely capitalism. The ecological crisis is one manifestation of the crisis gripping the present regime of accumulation, which has reached a financialised, globalised stage. This being the case, any attempt to halt climate change, far from being an environmental issue, must be seen as a problem for the development model of both North and South.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131175269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The second Earth Summit in Rio will open in 2012. The debate will concern the ability of the world to face its future and the participants will hope to provide answers. Climate change and its challenges will be on the agenda, and recommendations will be advanced and the aim will be to implement them quickly. More than any other area, the climate negotiations have all the ingredients that cause deep divisions in the world and highlight different ways of thinking. The extent of the work needed to change course is huge: it is nothing less than a break with a system of accumulation and techno-economic paradigm that is attached to a commitment to low-carbon societies. However, wanting to involve the poor countries in the world to save the climate now, without meeting their pressing needs for life’s essentials, can only lead to stalemate.
{"title":"Preface – Climate change: what is at stake?","authors":"Michel Rogalski","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2012.046733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2012.046733","url":null,"abstract":"The second Earth Summit in Rio will open in 2012. The debate will concern the ability of the world to face its future and the participants will hope to provide answers. Climate change and its challenges will be on the agenda, and recommendations will be advanced and the aim will be to implement them quickly. More than any other area, the climate negotiations have all the ingredients that cause deep divisions in the world and highlight different ways of thinking. The extent of the work needed to change course is huge: it is nothing less than a break with a system of accumulation and techno-economic paradigm that is attached to a commitment to low-carbon societies. However, wanting to involve the poor countries in the world to save the climate now, without meeting their pressing needs for life’s essentials, can only lead to stalemate.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114579450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conscious for 30 years of the prospect of climatic reheating and the harsh changes associated with it, the international community has tried to set up a world climatic architecture likely to slow down and contain, at acceptable levels, the foreseeable evolution. A stack of agreements (Rio 92, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen and Cancun Summits) resulted from these international negotiations, mixing scientific controversies, responsible factors, uncertainties about national consequences and questions on the coordination of economic instruments which have to be at the same time effective and right. These negotiations reveal a world undergoing fast change, and the persistence of a North-South antagonism. They crystallise different visions concerning the apprehension about time and strongly question the models of development which have been set up.
{"title":"Climate, a crossroads negotiation","authors":"Michel Rogalski","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2012.046735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2012.046735","url":null,"abstract":"Conscious for 30 years of the prospect of climatic reheating and the harsh changes associated with it, the international community has tried to set up a world climatic architecture likely to slow down and contain, at acceptable levels, the foreseeable evolution. A stack of agreements (Rio 92, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen and Cancun Summits) resulted from these international negotiations, mixing scientific controversies, responsible factors, uncertainties about national consequences and questions on the coordination of economic instruments which have to be at the same time effective and right. These negotiations reveal a world undergoing fast change, and the persistence of a North-South antagonism. They crystallise different visions concerning the apprehension about time and strongly question the models of development which have been set up.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116757795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through their increasing impact, people have been weighing decisively on the course of the spaceship Earth. The entry into a new geological era, the anthropocene, marks an unprecedented disruption in the long history of the co-evolution between our species and the biosphere. Our immediate task is to draw long-term development strategies, environmentally sound and socially inclusionary, at the opposite of strategies based on the free interplay of market forces. Thus, we must give, within each nation and between nations, the utmost priority to an aggiornamento of long-term democratic planning as the main instrument of governance. The success of the second Earth Summit, due to take place in 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, will largely depend on the participants’ ability to take inspiration from these principles.
{"title":"Man and the course of the spaceship Earth","authors":"I. Sachs","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2012.046734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2012.046734","url":null,"abstract":"Through their increasing impact, people have been weighing decisively on the course of the spaceship Earth. The entry into a new geological era, the anthropocene, marks an unprecedented disruption in the long history of the co-evolution between our species and the biosphere. Our immediate task is to draw long-term development strategies, environmentally sound and socially inclusionary, at the opposite of strategies based on the free interplay of market forces. Thus, we must give, within each nation and between nations, the utmost priority to an aggiornamento of long-term democratic planning as the main instrument of governance. The success of the second Earth Summit, due to take place in 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, will largely depend on the participants’ ability to take inspiration from these principles.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125878712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the main stages of the climate negotiations since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. After recalling the main components of the Kyoto Protocol, it describes the stakes in the discussions for developing countries as well as the increasing importance taken by these countries. It finally explains how the logic of binding commitments to reduce emissions, which was at the core of Kyoto negotiations, seems to be shifting to a logic of voluntary national reduction commitments.
{"title":"Climate negotiations from 1992 to 2011: changing issues and new stakes","authors":"V. Journé","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2012.046737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2012.046737","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the main stages of the climate negotiations since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. After recalling the main components of the Kyoto Protocol, it describes the stakes in the discussions for developing countries as well as the increasing importance taken by these countries. It finally explains how the logic of binding commitments to reduce emissions, which was at the core of Kyoto negotiations, seems to be shifting to a logic of voluntary national reduction commitments.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126948677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to better understand, quantitatively and objectively, the factors that have been associated with the extent to which a given state relies on nuclear energy to generate electricity (termed 'nuclear reliance' (NR)), regression analysis was applied to a set of 14 hypothesised independent variables having associated measures constructed from a database assembled for this purpose. That process led to a linear model with five independent variables that collectively predict NR with high confidence (p < 0.05, for all predictors) and acceptable goodness of fit (R² = 0.53). This basic linear model was then employed as a tool to analyse several more-or-less current topics related to proliferation. These include the historical effectiveness of the nonproliferation regime, as regards the spread of sensitive fuel-cycle technologies; the premise underlying (fuel) assurance programmes, as intended to ensure access to (insensitive) nuclear materials and technology, in return for forgoing development of sensitive technologies; and the persistent lack of recipient states willing to accept the bargain underlying assurance programmes.
{"title":"Are sensitive technologies enablers of civil nuclear power? An empirical study","authors":"P. Nelson, Christopher Sprecher","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031495","url":null,"abstract":"In order to better understand, quantitatively and objectively, the factors that have been associated with the extent to which a given state relies on nuclear energy to generate electricity (termed 'nuclear reliance' (NR)), regression analysis was applied to a set of 14 hypothesised independent variables having associated measures constructed from a database assembled for this purpose. That process led to a linear model with five independent variables that collectively predict NR with high confidence (p < 0.05, for all predictors) and acceptable goodness of fit (R² = 0.53). This basic linear model was then employed as a tool to analyse several more-or-less current topics related to proliferation. These include the historical effectiveness of the nonproliferation regime, as regards the spread of sensitive fuel-cycle technologies; the premise underlying (fuel) assurance programmes, as intended to ensure access to (insensitive) nuclear materials and technology, in return for forgoing development of sensitive technologies; and the persistent lack of recipient states willing to accept the bargain underlying assurance programmes.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116715744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abolishing Nuclear Weapons, by George Perkovich and James M. Acton. London, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2008. Adelphi Paper No. 396.
{"title":"Book Review: Abolishing Nuclear Weapons by George Perkovich and James M. Acton","authors":"P. Nelson","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031498","url":null,"abstract":"Abolishing Nuclear Weapons, by George Perkovich and James M. Acton. London, International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2008. Adelphi Paper No. 396.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130869561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoparticles of a BaSO4:Eu phosphor with a particle size of around 40 nm have been irradiated by 48 MeV 7Li3+, 75 MeV C6+ and 90 MeV O7+ ion beams at the fluence range of 1 ∼ l09–1 ∼ 1013 ions/cm2. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of the irradiated samples were recorded and studied. The microcrystalline form of this sample is included in the study with the aim of reporting a comparative measurement. The TL results of this material in its nano- and microforms exposed to the gamma rays of 60Co are also included and investigated in more detail. It is observed that the glow curves of the nanomaterial exposed to these ions are similar to that exposed to gamma rays, with a dosimetric peak at 462 K beside a smaller one at 503 K, while those of the microcrystalline sample exposed to both ion beams and gamma rays have their prominent peak at 503 K beside a smaller one at 462 K. The observed TL sensitivity of the nanocrystalline material is less than that of the microcrystalline sample at low fluences/doses, while it is more at higher fluences/doses. This nanophosphor exhibits a linear/sublinear TL response to energetic ions and gamma radiation over a very wide range of exposures, which is much wider compared to that of its microcrystalline counterpart. This makes the nanostructural form of BaSO4:Eu useful to estimate the high doses of different ionising radiations that are in use for radiotherapy or food/seed irradiation.
{"title":"The nanoparticles of BaSO4:Eu as detectors for high doses of different ionising radiations","authors":"N. Salah, S. Habib, Z. Khan, S. Lochab","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031494","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles of a BaSO4:Eu phosphor with a particle size of around 40 nm have been irradiated by 48 MeV 7Li3+, 75 MeV C6+ and 90 MeV O7+ ion beams at the fluence range of 1 ∼ l09–1 ∼ 1013 ions/cm2. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of the irradiated samples were recorded and studied. The microcrystalline form of this sample is included in the study with the aim of reporting a comparative measurement. The TL results of this material in its nano- and microforms exposed to the gamma rays of 60Co are also included and investigated in more detail. It is observed that the glow curves of the nanomaterial exposed to these ions are similar to that exposed to gamma rays, with a dosimetric peak at 462 K beside a smaller one at 503 K, while those of the microcrystalline sample exposed to both ion beams and gamma rays have their prominent peak at 503 K beside a smaller one at 462 K. The observed TL sensitivity of the nanocrystalline material is less than that of the microcrystalline sample at low fluences/doses, while it is more at higher fluences/doses. This nanophosphor exhibits a linear/sublinear TL response to energetic ions and gamma radiation over a very wide range of exposures, which is much wider compared to that of its microcrystalline counterpart. This makes the nanostructural form of BaSO4:Eu useful to estimate the high doses of different ionising radiations that are in use for radiotherapy or food/seed irradiation.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131049505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Naqvi, M. M. Nagadi, M. Garwan, O. Al-Amoudi, M. Maslehuddin, Khateeb-ur-Rehman Khateeb-ur-Rehman, M. Raashid
Chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion is the principal cause of deterioration of concrete structures in the Arabian Gulf and the world over. Preventive measures against corrosion require maintaining the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete below the threshold limits specified by the standards. This requires monitoring the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete, and a nondestructive technique is preferable for this purpose. The Prompt-Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) technique can be used to monitor the concentration of corrosive elements in concrete specimens. An accelerator-based PGNAA setup has been developed to measure the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete. The PGNAA technique has been utilised successfully to measure the elemental composition of concrete. In this regard, several studies were undertaken to determine the calcium, silicon, chloride and sulphate concentration in the concrete specimens. Furthermore, the concentration of compounds, such as lime and silica was also determined. The results of these studies along with a description of the facility are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Non-destructive analysis of concrete for corrosion studies using nuclear technique","authors":"A. Naqvi, M. M. Nagadi, M. Garwan, O. Al-Amoudi, M. Maslehuddin, Khateeb-ur-Rehman Khateeb-ur-Rehman, M. Raashid","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031493","url":null,"abstract":"Chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion is the principal cause of deterioration of concrete structures in the Arabian Gulf and the world over. Preventive measures against corrosion require maintaining the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete below the threshold limits specified by the standards. This requires monitoring the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete, and a nondestructive technique is preferable for this purpose. The Prompt-Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) technique can be used to monitor the concentration of corrosive elements in concrete specimens. An accelerator-based PGNAA setup has been developed to measure the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete. The PGNAA technique has been utilised successfully to measure the elemental composition of concrete. In this regard, several studies were undertaken to determine the calcium, silicon, chloride and sulphate concentration in the concrete specimens. Furthermore, the concentration of compounds, such as lime and silica was also determined. The results of these studies along with a description of the facility are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133143221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are living in a world rife with many types of crises. The most prominent and urgent crisis involves the Earth's ecology. Environmental crises involving ozone depletion, global warming, toxic and radioactive wastes, air pollution, industrial accidents, etc., are affecting communities around the world. This paper examines changes in crisis management theory and practice. In the past two decades, much progress has been made in our understanding of industrial and environmental crises. However, our understanding remains highly fragmented and selective. We need to integrate diverse findings and cumulatively build on past knowledge. To do this, the concept of sustainable development provides a unifying motif. Some research questions that deserve urgent attention are identified in this paper.
{"title":"Global nuclear crisis","authors":"M. Shekhar","doi":"10.1504/AFP.2010.031497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/AFP.2010.031497","url":null,"abstract":"We are living in a world rife with many types of crises. The most prominent and urgent crisis involves the Earth's ecology. Environmental crises involving ozone depletion, global warming, toxic and radioactive wastes, air pollution, industrial accidents, etc., are affecting communities around the world. This paper examines changes in crisis management theory and practice. In the past two decades, much progress has been made in our understanding of industrial and environmental crises. However, our understanding remains highly fragmented and selective. We need to integrate diverse findings and cumulatively build on past knowledge. To do this, the concept of sustainable development provides a unifying motif. Some research questions that deserve urgent attention are identified in this paper.","PeriodicalId":130250,"journal":{"name":"Atoms for Peace: An International Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121832212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：