Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Power System with Integration of SMES and Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Abstract

In this paper, fractional order PID (FOPID) optimized with seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) is designed as a secondary regulator for load frequency control (LFC) of the interconnected power system (IPS). However, the efficacy of FOPID is showcased with other integral order type classical controllers. IPS deliberated in this work is a widely used model of dual area hydro-thermal (DAHT) upon laying 10% perturbation of step load on area-1 (10%SLP) for investigation. Further, plug-in-electric vehicles (PEVs) are integrated into area-1 of DAHT for analysis purposes. DAHT responses are enhanced with the integration of PEVs. Later, the control areas of DAHT are incorporated with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices to get further enhancement in system stability. Finally, simulation results reveal the superiority of implementing PEVs and SMES coordinated strategies for improvement in frequency regulation.