Current mode universal filter employing operational transconductance amplifier and third generation current conveyor

Abstract

This paper proposes a new universal filter employing two output operational transconductance amplifier and a third generation current conveyor. The proposed current-mode filter circuit is designed with minimum number of active devices as well as minimum number of passive elements. All the passive elements employed are grounded in nature making it a better choice for integrated circuit implementation. This filter circuit provides low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject and all pass responses simultaneously without changing any hardware configuration. The availability of explicit current output makes this circuit efficient for use as higher order filter without using any additional buffers. The universal biquad also has a feature of independent tunability of quality factor and bandwidth. PSPICE simulation has been done to test and verify the theoretical results.