Worse Course and Bad Prognosis of COVID-19 in Hyper-Homocysteinemia: Role of Some B-Group Vitamins and of Other Compounds

Abstract

Background: Increased homocysteine serum levels (HHcy) induce Endothelium Dysfunction (ED), responsible of the activation of some proinflammatory agents (“cytokine storm”), the imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction with vasoconstrictive prevalence, increased oxidative stress and hyper-coagulability. Methods: All these events can worsen the course of COVID-19 in HHcy- patients, favoring the evolution towards vasculitis, thromboembolic complications, multi-organ dysfunction until acute respiratory distress and failure. Results: Therefore, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also called COVID-19, elapses more dangerously in patients affected by HHcy and can easily complicate with thromboembolic events. But, some vitamins of B-group and other substances could positively affect both high Hcy levels and thrombotic complications of SARS-CoV-2 happening in lungs and other districts. Conclusions: COVID-19 can have a dangerous evolution and a bad prognosis in patients with HHcy. Concerning this, some compounds seem to exert beneficial effects on HHcy, inflammatory and coagulopathic complications.