Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Associated with Low Insulin Secretion in a Type 1 Diabetic Population in Pointe Noire

Abstract

Viral infections are one of the triggers and aggravators factors type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Among these infections, human cytomegalovirus infection affects 60-90% of the world’s population. The aim of this study was to describe the metabolic consequences of Cytomegalovirus infection in T1D subjects. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over 6 months between June and November 2021. A total of 72 T1D subjects were enrolled. The following laboratory tests were performed: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, C peptide, lipid profile and CMV serology. The mean age of the patients was 19. 8±4.3 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.4. CMV serology was positive in 75% of T1D patients. We noticed a disturbance of the biochemical markers in T1D+CMV+ patients. The homeostasis model of β-cell function (HOMA β) evaluation was significantly lower in T1D+CMV+ patients compared to T1D+CMV- patients. Blood glucose (8.69±5.30 vs 7.08±6.71 P=0.009), HbA1C (10.42±2.85 vs 8.77±2.90 P=0.009), TC (2.04±0.37 vs 1.97±0.28 P=0.0039), HDL-C (0.26±0.11 vs 0.19±0.007 P=0.0091), LDL-C (1.25±0.55 vs 1.20±0.50 P= 0.0039), were higher in T1D+CMV+ vs T1D+CMV-. However, creatinine (8.20±1.80 vs 9.13±1.07 P=0.0039), C peptide (0.15±0.003 vs 0.13±0.002 P=0.009) were higher in T1D+CMV- than in T1D+CMV+. The present study showed that CMV infection was associated with disturbed metabolic characteristics in T1D and deep insulin deficiency.