Hematological Malignancies: Epidemiological, Clinical, Biological, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspects

Abstract

Hematological malignancies are diseases, which include all cancers of blood and lymphoid organs. They result from a proliferation of mature blood cells or immature blood cells. However, in all cases, these blood cells escape the normal regulation. This work aims to determine the types and frequencies of diagnosed malignancies. It’s supported by the clinical hematological department of the Military Hospital Avicenna in Marrakech. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 4 years from January, 1st 2012 to December, 31st 2015. We used an operating record, which includes epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary criteria. During this period, we found that 70 cases were diagnosed and treated in the clinical hematological department of the HMA. We recorded 26 cases of multiple myeloma (37%), 23 cases of leukemia (33%), 19 cases of lymphoma (including 15 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (21.4%) and 4 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma 5.7 %), 1 case of myelodysplastic syndrome (1.4%) and 1 case of polycythemia vera (1.4%). This work allowed us to note a significant increase in malignancies in this study. Hence the importance of raising the awareness of health professionals and raising awareness on a larger scale of the general population to improve the time of care and indirectly improve the prognosis of these diseases.