Chronic effects of fire suppressors on the reproduction of the copepod Nitocra sp.

Maysa Ueda-De-Carvalho, Lucas Buruaem-Moreira, Luciane Maranho-Alves, Denis Moledo-de-Souza-Abessa
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Fire suppressors are widely used in firefighting and their chemical composition may present a mixture of perfluorochlorinated surfactants (PFCs), including the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) which has been internationally banned due to its classification as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). PFCs have been found in environmental matrices and soft tissues of organisms, but the potential effect of such compounds on marine organisms has been overlooked. Here, it was evaluated whether the chronic exposures (i.e., seven days) to the fire suppressors Ageofoam, Cold Fire, Kidde and Argus could affect the reproduction of the copepod Nitocra sp. The tested concentrations consisted of those recommended on the products’ manuals and those ranging between 0.0001% and 1%. For each compound, the effective concentrations to 50% exposed organisms (EC50) and the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) were estimated. All the fire suppressors exhibited high toxicity, causing fecundity reduction. At the recommended dilutions, 100% lethality occurred for all compounds. The EC50 values ranged from 0.00817% - Ageofoam - to 0.03081% - Argus. The LOECs ranged from 0.001% - Ageofoam - to 0.1% - Argus and Kidde; and were much lower than the concentrations recommended for commercial use. The fire suppressors showed high toxicity to the copepod, reducing the reproduction rates, even in very low concentrations, suggesting that the release of such substances in the estuary caused severe effects to the environment. This assessment provides subsides to the environmental regulation of fire suppressors in Brazil, because these compounds do not have national regulations for their use and disposal.
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灭火剂对桡足动物尼克拉繁殖的慢性影响。
灭火剂广泛用于消防,其化学成分可能是全氟氯化表面活性剂(pfc)的混合物,包括全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS),该物质因被列为持久性有机污染物(POP)而在国际上被禁止使用。全氟化合物存在于环境基质和生物软组织中,但其对海洋生物的潜在影响一直被忽视。本研究评估了长期暴露(即7天)于灭火剂Ageofoam、Cold fire、Kidde和Argus是否会影响Nitocra sp.的繁殖。测试浓度包括产品手册上推荐的浓度和0.0001%至1%之间的浓度。对于每种化合物,估计其对50%暴露生物的有效浓度(EC50)和最低观察效应浓度(LOEC)。所有灭火剂均表现出高毒性,导致繁殖力下降。在推荐的稀释度下,所有化合物的致死率均为100%。EC50值范围为0.00817%—agus—0.03081%。LOECs范围从0.001% (Ageofoam)到0.1% (Argus和Kidde);而且远远低于商业用途的建议浓度。这些灭火剂对桡足类动物具有很高的毒性,即使在很低的浓度下也会降低繁殖率,这表明这些物质在河口的释放对环境造成了严重的影响。这项评估为巴西灭火剂的环境法规提供了补贴,因为这些化合物没有关于其使用和处置的国家法规。
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