Antiviral Nucleosides-Flu Viruses-Quinolines-COVID-19

Abstract

Hydroquinone as a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon; There is a huge confusion in the public, as well as among politicians and even some scientists, about those two molecules. That confusion ultimately led to people accidently overdosing. Both molecules can be classified as 4-aminoquinolines, and both have anti-plasmodial activities, but they remain two different molecules with some different metabolites. Chloroquine has been widely used since the 1950s for prophylactic and curative treatments of malaria. Its extensive use has led to the emergence of chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for the severest form of malaria. Such strains are also resistant to the structurally related hydroxychloroquine. This article describes how Guanosine andHydroxychloroquineiscommercially prepared. Also, we have recently prepared several processes leading to known antiviral agents starting with guanosine. The processes developed by using enzymatic transglycosylation for stavudine (d4T), chemical transpurination for acyclovir and ganciclovir, and novel alkylation for penciclovir and famciclovir.