Transit-Induced Gentrification and Displacement: The State of the Debate

E. Delmelle
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Investments in new transportation infrastructure hold the potential to transform the urban socioeconomic landscape by reshaping accessibility and by encouraging new developments around these investments. This chapter outlines the theoretical arguments for why and how transport, specifically rail transit, is expected to impact the socioeconomic composition of neighborhoods and reviews the relevant empirical literature on the subject. Neighborhood socioeconomic change, including gentrification, can be viewed as the product of shifts in residential sorting of residents reacting to the placement of a new (transit) amenity which may place increased demand for living in a particular area. This demand may place an upward pressure on nearby housing values and rents, affecting the socioeconomic composition of those willing and able to afford these price premiums, thus spurring or accelerating gentrification. Rising land values may also lead to the disproportionate exit of lower-income residents unable to keep up with elevated rents or property taxes. To date, the empirical evidence on the link between transport investments and gentrification has mixed findings, very often underscoring the importance of local context in directing a neighborhood’s path. Research has overwhelmingly centered on aggregate neighborhood changes, but several studies have recently emerged that center on individual movements that give rise to these neighborhood-scale outcomes.
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公共交通诱导的中产阶级化和流离失所:争论的现状
对新交通基础设施的投资通过重塑可达性和鼓励围绕这些投资的新开发,具有改变城市社会经济格局的潜力。本章概述了交通运输,特别是轨道交通,为什么以及如何影响社区的社会经济构成的理论论据,并回顾了有关该主题的相关实证文献。社区的社会经济变化,包括中产阶级化,可以被看作是居民对新的(交通)设施的安置做出反应的住宅分类变化的产物,这可能会增加对特定地区生活的需求。这种需求可能会给附近的房价和租金带来上行压力,影响那些愿意并有能力负担这些溢价的人的社会经济构成,从而刺激或加速中产阶级化。地价上涨还可能导致低收入居民不成比例地退出,因为他们无力支付上涨的租金或财产税。迄今为止,关于交通投资与中产阶级化之间联系的经验证据有各种各样的发现,往往强调了当地环境在指导社区道路方面的重要性。研究绝大多数集中在社区的总体变化上,但最近出现了几项研究,这些研究集中在导致这些社区规模结果的个人运动上。
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