Gender-specific issues of sports training of elite female athletes in modern sports

Abstract

The problematic issues regarding woen's sports remain in various countries of the world. Because of that our purpose was to identify gender-specific issues to assist in the planning of training and competition loads of female elite athletes in modern sports.  In particular, specific focus was given to the psychophysiological state and balance function to increase the efficiency of competitive activities. For this case the relationships of individual typological properties of the higher nervous system and sensorimotor reactions with psychophysiological indicators of highly qualified athletes of different sexes were established. The sexual peculiarities of the formation of psychophysiological functions of elite athletes, the functional peculiarities of psychomotor and mental activity, as well as the peculiarities of the psychophysiological organization of information processing in highly qualified athletes, taking into account sexual dimorphism, were revealed. The nuances regarding the indicators of maintaining balance among elite athletes, depending on gender, are revealed, which is primarily related to the location of the centres of gravity: in women, it is located in the hips, and in men, it is much higher. This knowledge about the sex differences will be very useful for our future measurements in project “DigitalTwin”, especially for the strength exercises "squat with a barbell".