Energy Efficiency Promotion Backfires Under Cap-and-Trade

Johannes Jarke-Neuert, Grischa Perino
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Abstract Major climate-cum-energy policies and respective impact projections rest on the widespread belief that increased energy efficiency can be equated with savings in energy use and emissions. This belief is flawed. Due to the rebound effect emissions savings from energy efficiency improvements will be generally less than what is technically feasible, or even be reversed. By means of an analytical general equilibrium model we demonstrate the latter to be true in a case that is both stark and relevant: if electricity generation is subject to a cap-and-trade scheme with partial coverage, increased efficiency of electric devices leads unambiguously to increased carbon emissions. The result implies that a proper distinction between the energy rebound and the carbon rebound is warranted, and that public policy must carefully consider the interactions between energy efficiency promotion and carbon pricing.
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在限额与交易制度下,提高能效适得其反
主要的气候和能源政策以及相应的影响预测都基于一种普遍的信念,即提高能源效率可以等同于节约能源使用和排放。这种信念是有缺陷的。由于反弹效应,提高能源效率所节省的排放通常会低于技术上可行的水平,甚至会逆转。通过分析一般均衡模型,我们在一个既鲜明又相关的案例中证明了后者是正确的:如果发电受到部分覆盖的限额与交易计划的约束,那么电力设备效率的提高无疑会导致碳排放的增加。结果表明,能源反弹和碳反弹之间的适当区分是有必要的,公共政策必须仔细考虑提高能源效率和碳定价之间的相互作用。
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