The Nature of Disputes and its Resolve Mechanisms in the Federal States

Abstract

Federalism as a most modern type of states in the world has been investigated and so many researches have been made about it. But less investigation have been made about the nature of conflicts and the mechanism of their settlement, especially when federal states as a whole other types of states have their issues and problems which they need to be solved by a suitable mechanism. The most important issues which become causes to raise those conflicts includes the desire to empower authority by the central government and increasing the authority and independence of ingredients. Also, the distribution of incomes and financial resources is another issue which causes conflict because usually the central government hold a huge part of powers in his grip. The final issue of the conflict is the frame of the state identity while the majority of federal states in the world have a plural and diverse community, so federal states can’t properly manage that diversity , finally they face ethnic, national, and regional conflict. This research ends by the conclusion that those conflicts can be solved by two types of mechanisms which are: the permanent mechanisms and temporary mechanism. The most important mechanisms include: (federal constitution, the second legislative council, federal court), and the temporary mechanisms include: (negotiation and agreement, declaration of state of emergency, separation and declaration of independence). The use and effect of each of these mechanisms varies from a federal state to another federal state.