Clinical case report on bipolar affective disorder, mania

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is an episodic, potentially life-long, disabling disorder that can be difficult to diagnose. Need to improve recognition, reduce sub-optimal care and improve long-term outcomes. There is variation in management of care across healthcare settings.Characteristics of a Manic Episode: A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood.During the period of mood disturbance, at least three of the following symptoms have persisted (four if the mood is only irritable) and have been persistent to a significant degree.1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. 2. Decreased need for sleep. 3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking. 4. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing. 5. Distractability, i.e. attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli. 6. Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation. 7. Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities which have a high potential for painful consequences, e.g. unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments.Mood disturbance sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in occupational functioning or in usual social activities or relations with others, or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others.At no time during the disturbance have there been delusions or hallucinations for as long as two weeks in the absence of prominent mood symptoms. Not superimposed on schizophrenia, schizophrenic form disorder, or delusional disorder or psychotic disorder.The disturbance is not due to the physiologic effects of a substance or general medical disorder.