ECONOMIC DAMAGE OF PHYTOPOLLUTION OF THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE TERRITORY AROUND THE RAILWAYS BY ADVENTIVE PLANTS IN THE CITY OF ZNAMYANKA, KIROVOGRAD REGION

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of the adventitious fraction of the flora of the city of Znamyanka, which includes 50 species of plants belonging to 20 families, which is approximately more than a third of the number of species of the spontaneous flora of the city. This is evidence of significant pollution of the flora of the city by invasive plant species. Adventitious flora currently poses a threat to phytodiversity in the city. Every year, the number of non-native plants increases, their habitat spreads, and the richness of their grouping increases. Adventitious plant species cause serious and irreversible changes in the natural environment and economy. According to estimates by EPPO experts, losses from invasive plant species on a global scale amount to billions of dollars annually - from 55 to 248 billion. Currently, losses from alien species and costs related to their control make up about 5% of the world economy. According to the Global Invasive Species Program (GISP), the fight against the most dangerous alien plant species costs the world 1.4 trillion. dollars annually. One of the main directions of the appearance and spread of invasive - adventive plants in the city of Znamyanka is railway tracks. They create plant groups with mostly native plant species, from where the plants migrate to nearby phytocenoses and enrich the native flora. In the flora of Ukraine, there is not a single complex of plants in which adventive plants did not participate. In addition to the problem of phytopollution of ecosystems, there is an equally important reason that affects the health of the population. Adventitious flora, which includes many species, is often represented by plants whose pollen causes strong allergic reactions, which causes a significant threat to public health.