핀란드에서 구금 방식의 전환과 함의 - 1975년-2015년, 감옥법 개정을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of imprisonment in Finland and finds out meaningful point. This study, specifically, grasps contents amended in ‘Prison law’ from 1975 to 2015, analyses background and aim of the reform through the official documents produced by government and parliament relating to the ‘Prison law’ reform. The main points identified in the amending provisions were that inmate is the one of the members of the community, not an odd or abnormal person and their living condition was similar to those of citizens in society. The reason why Finland established ''humane'' prison system is due to be influenced by prison reform movement from the end of 1960s in Finland, ''Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology'', social welfare policy and attitude of government paid attention to economical efficiency. Finland has intended to grow up the inmate to be a capable citizen with healthy body and a useful cog in the wheel of the whole society. The remarkable thing in Finnish case is that they maintained the criminal justice system or social order without the efficiency of the ''humane'' prison system. This was possible since Finnish people tend to think that offender are also one of the social members and they are partly responsible for all offence. The Finnish case shows that we need to rethink the crime or offender fundamentally.