On the issue of formalization of the creation of special geotechnical maps

Abstract

Today in the scientific and technical literature of Kazakhstan as well as abroad there are a significant amount of works which have been devoted to engineering-geological mapping. By means of specialized maps it is obviously possible to assess geological profile of building ground in general, and separate sites of project facilities. The assessment of geological profile of territory of cities is impossible without geoinformation technologies at the present time. Improvement of mapping services and technologies of GIS software are widely used for engineering-geological mapping, development plan of territories, forecasting dangerous natural processes and assessment of various risks. However introduction of geoinformation technologies and special engineering-geological mapping in the Republic Kazakhstan is underdeveloped and does not play a leading role in engineering practice. The article addresses formalization of the process of creating special geotechnical maps in GIS as a certain step-by-step description of the process, based on a number of principles that determine the characteristics of map indicators and the methods of mapping. Special geotechnical maps are a basis for the decision of practical problems connected with an arrangement of constructions on the building ground, a detailed planning and project formulation of building blocks. The analysis of the existing methods of assessing geological profile of the built-up territory of the city was given in order to optimize the survey and engineering work on the construction of foundations, an example of the developed geoinformation database for the analysis of geotechnical properties of soils and the development of special geotechnical maps was given in addition. Also examples of types and the reasons of deformations of buildings and constructions caused by variations in the bases of foundations , besides the research works of the authors who developed their own methods of conducting engineering and geological surveys and special geotechnical maps have been analyzed and the concepts as «engineering-geological maps», «special geotechnical maps» have been defined.