The structure of the urkhun alphabet

Abstract

The Turkic languages have a rich ancient history. Like other languages, they have evolved and enriched over a few centuries. It is held a conversation about the history of Turkic languages, in particular the Urkhun alphabet, which is an important event in the development of Turkic languages. The author focuses on several relevant and controversial aspects of the issue and suggests his ideas to them. These are the issues such as the number of characters in the runic alphabet and the basis of these characters, the stages of creation of the runic alphabet, the expression of the vowels and consonants, expression of some consonants with two different forms, ligatures (expressing two-letter letters), and diphthongs.According to the author, the Urkhun alphabet was originated from Persian cuneiform, so the alphabet has several complexities. However, the alphabet and its complexity did not occur at once. The Urkhun alphabet has passed through seven stages up to its final condition and it has been becoming in progress from century to century. And also, it is demonstrated as a disadvantage of the alphabet that cannot be expressed a long-short features of the vowels in ancient Turkic languages. At the bottom of the article, the Urkhun alphabets are given for comparison which were read by S. E. Malov, G. Abdurahmonov, A. Rustamov, A. M. Shcherbak, E. Umarov.