Realism and Materialism

Thomas Nail
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Abstract

This chapter lays out a methodology of transcendental realism and new materialism based on motion. Transcendental realism is the study of the real minimal ontological conditions for the actual emergence of the historical present. The purpose of this method is to give a description of what previous being must at least be like given that it appears as it does today: in motion. The chapter offers critiques of constructivism, empiricism, metaphysics, and transcendental idealism. It also offers a critique of vitalist new materialism, negative materialism, object-oriented ontology, formalism, and all ahistorical methods of thinking about matter and materialism. It concludes with a theory of “process materialism.”
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现实主义与唯物主义
本章提出了以运动为基础的先验实在论和新唯物主义方法论。先验实在论是对历史现在实际出现的最小本体论条件的研究。这种方法的目的,是要描述先前的存在,如果它像今天这样表现出来,即在运动中,至少应该是什么样子。这一章提供了对建构主义、经验主义、形而上学和先验唯心主义的批判。它还批判了生机主义的新唯物主义、否定唯物主义、面向对象的本体论、形式主义,以及所有关于物质和唯物主义的非历史思维方法。它的结论是“过程唯物主义”。
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