Anti-inflammatory property and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of Crateva adansonii DC leaves

Abstract

Aims: This study was designed to determine the most active anti-inflammatory fraction of C. adansonii leaves and characterize the bioactive compounds. Methods: Dried and pulverized C. adansonii leaves (CAL) were extracted with 70% methanol, followed by successive solvent partitioning into hexane (CALH), ethyl acetate (CALE), butanol (CALB) and aqueous (CALA) leaf fractions. In vitro antioxidant assays carried out on the extract/fractions were DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenol (TP) and flavonoid (TF) assays. In vitro anti-inflammatory assays investigated were heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization against hypotonicity- induced hemolysis. Formaldehyde-induced inflammation model in rats was carried out, followed by paw edema measurement as well as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities assays. The ethyl acetate (CALE) fraction was subjected to GC-MS analytical method. Results: CAL extract and fractions substantially inhibited BSA denaturation and stabilized HRBC membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis, however CALE exhibited the highest activity. CALE also suppressed formaldehyde-induced rat paw edema and significantly (p