Малоросійські “Табелі про ранги” XVIII ст.: форми й практики

Олексій Сокирко
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Abstract

At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the military and political elite (“starshyna”) of the Cossack Hetmanate confronted a new series of threats from Imperial Russia, which sought to redefine the nature of its relations with the autonomous “Little Russian” polity. Cossack officials attempted to maintain their status, political influence, and wealth in the face of Peter I’s efforts to prohibit the election of the hetman and to control appointments and distribution of lands, in the process transforming themselves into landlords ("new nobility"). After Peter’s death, the starshyna demanded that the Russian government equalize their status with that of the other imperial officers and officials. To that end, Cossack officials drafted and tried to approve three Ukrainian counterparts (1742, 1756, 1762) to Peter I’s "Table of Ranks" (1722). These projects reflected the actual practices of career promotion and seniority in the Cossack corporation. In the future, they became one of the arguments in the Cossack elite’s struggle to obtain the rights of the Imperial Russian nobility.
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18世纪初,哥萨克帝国的军事和政治精英(“starshyna”)面临着来自俄罗斯帝国的一系列新威胁,俄罗斯帝国试图重新定义其与自治的“小俄罗斯”政体的关系。面对彼得一世禁止酋长选举、控制土地任命和分配的努力,哥萨克官员试图维持自己的地位、政治影响力和财富,在这个过程中,他们把自己变成了地主(“新贵族”)。彼得死后,士官们要求俄国政府将他们的地位与其他帝国官员和官员平等。为此,哥萨克官员起草并试图批准三个乌克兰版本(1742年、1756年和1762年)与彼得一世的“军阶表”(1722年)相对应。这些项目反映了哥萨克公司职业晋升和资历的实际做法。在未来,他们成为哥萨克精英争夺俄罗斯帝国贵族权利的论据之一。
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